Rural Water Supply, Sanitation and Irrigation Program (RuWatSIP) Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Afghanistan Conference on Sanitation 2016 Rural Water Supply, Sanitation and Irrigation Program (RuWatSIP) Afghanistan First Conference on Sanitation /AFCOSAN-1 Citizens’ Charter, Sanitation & Community Resilience November 2016Kabul

In this presentation Citizens’ Charter Introduction CC Minimum Service Standards CLTS Current Situation in WASH WASH in CCAP Key actors WASH in 2019/Outcome from Phase 1 of the CCNPP WASH in 2019/Outputs from Phase 1 of the CCNPP WASH Summary Community Resilience

The Citizens’ Charter NPP Objectives: Break the cycle of fragility and violence, by deepening the legitimacy of the Afghan state Reduce poverty by providing universal access to a core set of basic services What to expect: Whole of Government Approach Broad based, popular participation in planning, management, and accountability Increased role and profile of provincial and district Governors and mayors One third of country to be reached in Phase 1 (2016 to 2020). The program will do this by improving service delivery, making Government responsive to the people, and increasing the level of satisfaction with services. The Charter will be a promise of partnership between the state and communities to deliver on a minimum-level of services. Communities will bring their Knowledge, Labour, ensure transparency, inclusive planning, and improve Access. The State will direct resources and ensure delivery of services. Overall the Charter will allow us to overcome 3 major problems: Fragmentation, corruption, and budget execution. Under the Charter, service will not be fragmented at the community level, and communities will make multi-sector development plans. Likelihood of corruption will be reduced as funds will be channeled direction from Kabul to communities – avoiding intermediaries. The charter will allow for quick results and quick delivery, increasing budget execution rates. One ministry cannot deliver 10,000 water points quickly, but 10,000 communities can. This Charter is a whole-of-government effort that will link rural communities, districts, provinces, and the central level. It is the first inter-ministerial, multi- sectoral NPP, where Ministries will collaborate on a single program, with presidential oversight. The program will be rolled out in one third of districts across all provinces during its first phase, with the aim of full national coverage over ten years. Priority for districts to be covered in Phase 1 has been given to districts that had the lowest level of investment through community grants, as well as accessibility.

Citizens’ Charter Minimum Service Standards Rural Areas Access to Clean Drinking Water Minimum of one water point per 25 households Access to Rural Infrastructure - choice of: Road Access - within 2km walking distance from nearest accessible rural road Electricity - 100W per household Small-scale irrigation - includes any of: Intakes (for secondary/tertiary canals); water divider; water control gates; syphon; water reservoir up to 10,000 M3 capacity; rehabilitation or construction of small Irrigation canal; protection wall; Gabion wall; aqueducts; Super passage. Quality education in government schools Teachers will have at least grade 12 education Students will have 24 hours of education in grade 1-3, 30 hours of education in grade 4-6 and 36 hours of education in grade 7-12 (per week) Delivery of Basic Package of Health Services Health facilities will comply with required opening hours (8am to 4pm); required staffing requirements; and provide mandated services All communities will receive: Universal access to clean drinking water, and one of the following services (based on their prioritisation and accessibility): - Basic electricity from renewable sources - Basic road access - Small-scale irrigation infrastructure We will expand the scope of the role of CDCs, so they will be responsible for monitoring of health and education service delivery and over time, the provision of basic infrastructure at the village-level will be managed by CDCs, including schools and health facilities. This will be done through community scorecards which are then shared with the district and provincial line department, as well as the district and provincial governor. This will help us to improve basic quality and availability of services. The basic standards included under health and education here were developed by the respective Ministry based on extensive discussion with technical experts, focusing on feasibility and capacity of relevant actors to ensure the standards can be met. Agricultural needs vary significantly across communities, and outputs are private rather than public goods. Therefore, in this area, we have not identified a specific minimum service standard. Agriculture services will be coordinated by CDCs through the Agriculture sub-committees, particularly for targeting poor and vulnerable populations. Further, natural resource management and conflict resolution will be coordinated through the CDCs. The Ministry of Agriculture is already using CDCs extensively for implementation of its programmes. This will be further expanded and streamlined in the Agriculture NPP.

CLTS All communities will receive CLTS, through the Citizens’ Charter This will be facilitated by the FPs Whilst sanitation is not included as a Minimum Service Standard, it will still be delivered through the Citizens’ Charter to ensure there is access to both safe drinking water and sanitation.

Current Situation of Rural WASH 58% of rural population have access to improved water sources Access to improved sanitation 13% Open defecation 19% Mortality-morbidity rate of children under five 76/1000

Minimum Service Standards of WASH in CCAP: Access of the rural population to 25 liters per capita per day Access to Water within 250 Meters Round trip for collection of water (from house to water point back to house) 60 minutes 25 families per water points Universal ODF in 10 years Quantity - Quantity of water consumed (at household level). The minimum humanitarian standards (as defined in the SPHERE manual) are set to 15 l/c/da, mostly for emergency settings. The World Health Organisation defines a minimum of 20 l/c/day which corresponds to “short term survival needs,” which covers mainly drinking and cooking. With 40 l/c/day, a household receives sufficient water to cover additional needs such as personal washing and washing clothes. A household that can use 60 l/c/day may also be able to use water for cleaning the house and growing food for domestic use. In Afghanistan, the MRRD policy defines a quantity of 25 l/c/day as the national standard for rural water supply. Even if water availability at a water point is not a constraint, there may be other limits to its use, such as the time taken and efforts required for people to fetch it. The minimum humanitarian standards (as defined in the SPHERE manual) are a maximum of 500 metres and a queuing time of 30 minutes maximum, which would translate into a round trip of less than 60 minutes. Although the national policy calls for safe access to water within 250 metres of a residence, it sets the maximum time for a round-trip at 60 minutes. No significant health risk should arise from consuming drinking water. Thus, contaminant levels should not exceed the accepted water quality standards set by the WHO. Although physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters should ideally be measured, it may not be realistic for a national survey in Afghanistan. However, the measurement of faecal contamination at the water source is feasible in the field.

Key Actors in Citizens’ Charter Inter-Ministerial Program Participating communities/CDCs/CCDCs responsible for Citizens’ Monitoring and Scorecard Facilitating Partners Local authorities, DRRD and PRRDS – Governors’ Offices MRRD, RuWatSIP -Design, Hydrogeological, CLTS sections /UNICEF support Three additional WASH staff at district level (74 districts offices) MRRD will ensure the National WASH policy is followed in the service delivery for water and sanitation. FPs will provide the capacity development support to CDCs MRRD will deliver the services

WASH in 2019 Outcome from Phase 1 of the CCNPP Access to improved water source from 58% to 76% 3.4 million people will gain access to clean drinking water. ODF from 19 - 13% Access to improved sanitation from 29% - 36% through ACCLTS MRU5 – estimated reduction from 97/1,000 to 70/1,000, based on forecasts

WASH in 2019 Outputs from Phase 1 of the CCNPP 12,000 communities ODF 26,000 water points constructed including Gravity-Fed System, Solar pumps, wells fitted with hand pumps 460,000 latrines upgraded/constructed through ACCLTS without subsidies from the Program

Community Resilience Increased access to safe drinking water & improved sanitation results in the following: Better nutrition absorption for children, as a result of lower incidence of diarrheal disease Fewer days missed from school through illness Fewer employment opportunities & labour days missed through illness Lower medical expenditure Healthier & happier rural communities

Thank you Questions?