EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Session AS27, Nice 6-11 April 2003 Page 1 EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Session AS27, Nice 6-11 April 2003 A survey of non-LTE atmospheric emissions as measured by MIPAS/Envisat M. López-Puertas (puertas@iaa.es) for the IMK-IAA MIPAS Group: B. Funke, M. García-Comas, S. Gil-López, M. López-Puertas, M.Á. López-Valverde (IAA, Granada) T. von Clarmann, H. Fischer, N. Glatthor, U. Grabowski, M. Höpfner, S. Kellmann, M. Kiefer, A. Linden, G. Mengistu Tsidu, M. Milz, T. Steck, G.P. Stiller, D.Y. Wang (IMK, Karlsruhe)  

Contents Introduction Some "first-detected" NLTE emissions obverved by MIPAS Retrievals of NLTE parameters (CO2 4.3 µm, NO2 chem. exc.) Retrievals of pressure/temperature and vmrs under NLTE Pressure-Temperature Ozone, NO, NO2, CO Conclusions

Introduction Unprecedented data measured by MIPAS for non-LTE studies:  Spectra of high resolution (0.035 cm-1) and wide coverage (15-4.3 µm)  High sensitivity (30-3 nW/(cm2 sr cm-1))  Global spatial (pole-to pole) and temporal (day and night) coverages. Two approaches:  Analysis of spectra for gaining new non-LTE information  Retrievals of geophysical parameters which required non-LTE (known) Data used:  Nominal MIPAS mode: 6-42 @ 3 km, 47, 52, 60, 68 km  Upper Atmosphere mode (5 orbits, 1 Jul 2002): 18 - 100 km.

MIPAS spectra, Band A, Th 68 km ------- Night -------- Day Non-LTE CO2 10µm laser emissions Warmer nighttime temperatures

MIPAS upper atmosphere data Orbits 1748-52. 1 July 2002

NLTE Daytime enhancement in CO2 15µm % 685-800 cm-1

MIPAS spectra, Band AB, Th 68 km ------- Night -------- Day O3 100-000 Non-LTE CO2 10µm laser band O3 9.6 µm (001-000)

MIPAS spectra, Band B, Th=66 km ------- Night -------- Day

NLTE in CH4,TH=66 km -------- Day SH -------- Day NH ------- Night

NLTE Daytime enhancement in CH4 1215-1350 cm-1 %

MIPAS spectra, Band C, Th=30 km ------- Night -------- Day Signal larger at night because NO2 is larger

Retrieval of NO2 chem exct. rate Orbit 2108 (24 July)

MIPAS spectra, Band C, Th 68 km ------- Night -------- Day H2O 020-010 HOT band lines

MIPAS spectra, Band C, Th 68 km, H2O FH ------- Night -------- Day H2O 010-000 fundamental band lines H2O 020-010 HOT band lines

NLTE Daytime enhancement in H2O % (D+N) 1300-1630 cm-1

MIPAS spectra, Band D, Th 68 km ------- Night -------- Day CO2 NO CO

MIPAS spectra, Band D, Th 68 km, NO - Rotational and spin nitric oxide lines resolved. - Larger at daytime, as expected - Most of radiation coming from the thermosphere ------- Night -------- Day

Band D, Th=101 km, NO 5.3µm hot band ------- Night -------- Day NO(2-1) NO(2-1)

O3(102001) HB at 56 km -------- Night -------- Day SH ------- DAY NH

Band D, Th 68 km, CO ------- Night -------- Day

CO(21) hot band at 71 km ------- Night -------- Day

OH(98) emission -------- Night, 76km -------- Night, 81km

Band D, Th=68 km, CO2 4.3 µm CO2 hot (mainly) and fundamental (small) bands CO2 fundamental band CO2, 636- isotope lines

CO2 collisional rates in the 2.7µm levels SH3 SH2 FB 628 FH SH1 626 636

The Non-LTE retrieval scheme (1) Jointly developed IMK-IAA non-LTE processor for retrievals of p-T, vmr's, and NLTE parameters.

The Non-LTE retrieval scheme (2) Optimization algorithm Iterative constrained nonlinear least squares global fit Regularisation: Tikhonov smoothing (Temperature, vmr's) Optimal estimation (LOS and CO2) Forward model: KOPRA Line-by-line radiative transfer model Interface for NLTE-model Computes spectra and Jacobians for LTE and non-LTE

The Non-LTE retrieval scheme (3) The non-LTE model: the Generic RAdiative traNsfer AnD non-LTE population Algorithm (GRANADA) Calculation of vibrational populations, and their derivitavies w.r.t the NLTE retrieval parameters Generic: same algorithm used for calculating non-LTE populations of different gases (CO2,O3, CO, NO, NO2, H2O, OH, etc.) Very flexible. User defines the energy levels and transitions, iteration strategies, process definition, etc. Rotational (and spin-orbit) non-LTE Line-by-line and line independent radiative transfer (KOPRA) Inversion of multilevel steady state equation by using Lambda iteration or Curtis matrix formalism Interface module to forward model

Pressure-temperature in the upper atmosphere 1 July 2002, Orbit 1750 NP Eq SP Eq NP

CO2 vmr in the upper atmosphere 1 July 2002 Orbit 1750 NP Eq

O3 vmr in the stratosphere and mesosphere (2) NIGHTTIME DAYTIME 1 July 2002, Orbits 1748-51

O3 vmr in the stratosphere and mesosphere (1) 1 July 2002, Orbit 1750 NIGHT 86ºS DAY 78ºN O3 tertiary max.

CO vmr in the stratosphere and mesosphere 1 July 2002, Orbit 1748 Eq SP Eq NP Eq

Nitric Oxide (NO) 1 July 2002, Orbit 1748 Eq SP Eq NP Eq

NO2 1 July 2002, Orbit 1748 Eq SP Eq NP Eq

Conclusions MIPAS measurements are an unprecendent dataset for improving our knowledge of non-LTE processes in the atmopshere By including non-LTE, we have been able to retrieve many geophysical parameters (p-T, O3, CO2, CO, NO, NO2, H2O, CH4) from the stratosphere up to the lower thermosphere

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