Napoleon’s Defeat

Napoleon England, Austria, Russia, Prussia and Sweden join forces to form a coalition against Napoleon. 1814: Napoleon surrenders to the Fourth Coalition. Napoleon is exiled on the island of Elba

Napoleon The Hundred Days Napoleon escapes from Elba, lands in France and raises an army.

Waterloo

Napoleon Napoleon is outsmarted by the Duke of Wellington, who leads the British army. The British and Prussians defeat Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo

After his defeat at Waterloo, Napoleon was sent to prison in St After his defeat at Waterloo, Napoleon was sent to prison in St. Helena, where he got sick and died.

Congress of Vienna

Congress of Vienna Date: Winter 1814 – 1815 Location: Vienna, Austria Host: Klemens von Metternich

Von Metternich Foreign Minister of Austria for almost 40 years. Well educated statesman Spoke five languages Thought of himself as a European rather than just an Austrian

Congress of Vienna Goals: Prevent future French aggression Restore a balance of power Principal of Legitimacy Principal of Intervention

Congress of Vienna Preventing French aggression: This could be done by strengthening the countries that surrounded France

Congress of Vienna United the Netherlands Austria, Prussia and 37 German kingdoms formed a confederacy Switzerland became an independent nation Italian kingdoms expanded

Congress of Vienna Balance of Power: To prevent any one country from dominating (being a threat to others). Did not punish France too harshly

Congress of Vienna Principal of Legitimacy: Royalty that Napoleon conquered should and would be restored to their thrones. Louis XVIII became the constitutional monarch of France.

Congress of Vienna Principal of Intervention: The Great Powers of Europe had to right to send armies into countries where there were revolutions To restore legitimate monarchs to their thrones.

BRITAIN’S REFUSAL BRITAIN REFUSED TO ACCEPT THE PRINCIPAL ARGUED THAT THE GREAT POWERS SHOULD NOT INTERFERE IN THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF OTHER COUNTRIES

Congress of Vienna Results: No major wars fought in Europe for almost 40 years. Concert of Europe –

PEACE AND STABILITY THE CONSERVATIVE WAY Congress of Vienna PEACE AND STABILITY THE CONSERVATIVE WAY

CONCERT OF EUROPE Maintain the new balance of power Meet at times in conferences to take steps to maintain the peace in Europe Agreed to help each other if any revolutions broke out (exception Britain WANTED TO KEEP A SECRET—the IR)

Congress of Vienna Conservatives: Believed in tradition and stability-- rich landowners/nobles. Supported monarchies Organized religion Liberals: Believed in the importance of protecting the basic rights of people--Based on Enlightenment principles--Middle class leaders/ merchants. Increase the power of Parliaments Religious tolerance

CONSERVATIVE AND LIBERAL FEAR MOB RULE SHARING POWER WITH THE LOWER CLASSES A DEMOCRACY IN WHICH EVERYONE HAD THE RIGHT TO VOTE

Congress of Vienna Spread of Nationalism People under foreign control wanted independence Conservatives vs. Liberals vs. Radicals.

Congress of Vienna Radicals: could be from any class. Wanted drastic change to extend democracy to everyone.