HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS BY Prabhakaran.T AP/MECH SNS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Coimbatore-107 Subject: Power Plant Engineering HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS BY Prabhakaran.T AP/MECH

Prabhakaran.T/AP MECH/PPE/UNIT 4/HYDEL POWER PLANTS DAM Prabhakaran.T/AP MECH/PPE/UNIT 4/HYDEL POWER PLANTS

Prabhakaran.T/AP MECH/PPE/UNIT 4/HYDEL POWER PLANTS Introduction Hydroelectric Power refers to energy or electricity generated by the energy of falling or flowing water, the potential energy of water due to its high location is converted into electrical energy. Hydroelectric Power obtained from the generators coupled to water turbines which converts the hydraulic or fluid energy Electrical energy. The total power generation capacity of the hydroelectric power plants depends on the head of water and volume of water flowing towards the water turbine. Prabhakaran.T/AP MECH/PPE/UNIT 4/HYDEL POWER PLANTS

Prabhakaran.T/AP MECH/PPE/UNIT 4/HYDEL POWER PLANTS 25% of electricity generation capacity in world is provided by hydel power plant. 4% of the total hydel energy potential in world is in India. In India 25.32% of total electricity generation capacity is produced by hydel power. Prabhakaran.T/AP MECH/PPE/UNIT 4/HYDEL POWER PLANTS

Prabhakaran.T/AP MECH/PPE/UNIT 4/HYDEL POWER PLANTS Classification The classification of hydro electric power plant depend on the following factors: Quantity of water: It is following types. Run of river plant. Storage plant. Pumped storage. Availability of Head of Water: Low head plant. Operating head < 15m. Medium head plant. Operating head 15 to 50m. High head plants Operating head > 50m. Prabhakaran.T/AP MECH/PPE/UNIT 4/HYDEL POWER PLANTS

Prabhakaran.T/AP MECH/PPE/UNIT 4/HYDEL POWER PLANTS 3).Based on hydro plant capacity another classification of power plant is done. Micro-hydel Plants Medium Capacity Plants High Capacity Plants Super Hydro Plants Prabhakaran.T/AP MECH/PPE/UNIT 4/HYDEL POWER PLANTS

Prabhakaran.T/AP MECH/PPE/UNIT 4/HYDEL POWER PLANTS Micro-Hydel Plants: A micro hydel plant is the one which has a capacity less than 5 MW. Medium Capacity Plants: A medium capacity plant is the one which has a capacity in the range of 5 to 100 MW. Most of the hydropower plants in India are medium capacity plants. High Capacity Plants: A high capacity plant is one which has a capacity in the range of 101 to 1000 MW. Super Hydro Plants: A super hydro plant has a capacity greater than 1000 MW. Prabhakaran.T/AP MECH/PPE/UNIT 4/HYDEL POWER PLANTS

Prabhakaran.T/AP MECH/PPE/UNIT 4/HYDEL POWER PLANTS Components The principle components of a hydro-electric power plant are as described Dam Or Weir Reservoir Fore bay Intake Structure Penstocks Surge Tank Turbines Power House Draft Tube Tail Race Prabhakaran.T/AP MECH/PPE/UNIT 4/HYDEL POWER PLANTS

Prabhakaran.T/AP MECH/PPE/UNIT 4/HYDEL POWER PLANTS

Prabhakaran.T/AP MECH/PPE/UNIT 4/HYDEL POWER PLANTS Fore-Bay Fore-Bay is generally provided in case of run-off river plants & where Power Plant is located far from Dam-Reservoir and through channel water is stored here. It’s main Function is to temporarily store water which is rejected by plant due to reduced load during off peak hours, and also to meet instantaneous demand when the load is suddenly increased. It is provided just front of the penstocks. If power house is located nearby then requirement of fore-bay is not necessary. Prabhakaran.T/AP MECH/PPE/UNIT 4/HYDEL POWER PLANTS

Prabhakaran.T/AP MECH/PPE/UNIT 4/HYDEL POWER PLANTS Intake Structure The water is conveyed from the fore-bay to the penstocks through the intake structure. The main components of Intake structure are trash racks and gates. The trash rack is provided to prevent the entry of debris into the water passage. Prabhakaran.T/AP MECH/PPE/UNIT 4/HYDEL POWER PLANTS

Prabhakaran.T/AP MECH/PPE/UNIT 4/HYDEL POWER PLANTS Pen stock Prabhakaran.T/AP MECH/PPE/UNIT 4/HYDEL POWER PLANTS

Prabhakaran.T/AP MECH/PPE/UNIT 4/HYDEL POWER PLANTS Surge tanks A Surge tank is a small reservoir or tank in which the water level rises or falls due to sudden changes in pressure. Purpose of surge tank: To serve as a supply tank to the turbine when the water in the pipe is accelerated during increased load conditions and as a storage tank when the water is decelerating during reduced load conditions. To reduce the distance between the free water surface in the dam and the turbine, thereby reducing the water-hammer effect on penstock and also protect the upstream tunnel from high pressure rise. Water-hammer effect : The water hammer is defined as the change in pressure rapidly above or below normal pressure caused by sudden change in the rate of water flow through the pipe, according to the demand of prime mover i.e. turbine Prabhakaran.T/AP MECH/PPE/UNIT 4/HYDEL POWER PLANTS

Prabhakaran.T/AP MECH/PPE/UNIT 4/HYDEL POWER PLANTS

Prabhakaran.T/AP MECH/PPE/UNIT 4/HYDEL POWER PLANTS Draft Tube Draft Tube is a pipe or passage of gradually increasing c/s which connects the runner exit to the tail race. It reduces the high velocity of the water discharged by the turbine by enlarging the c/s and thus converts the Kinetic energy of water into mechanical energy. Prabhakaran.T/AP MECH/PPE/UNIT 4/HYDEL POWER PLANTS

Prabhakaran.T/AP MECH/PPE/UNIT 4/HYDEL POWER PLANTS Tail Race Tail race is the channel into which the water is discharge after passing through the turbines. When river is far off from the power house, one may have to construct a channel of considerable length between the power house and the river which is known as tail race. Prabhakaran.T/AP MECH/PPE/UNIT 4/HYDEL POWER PLANTS

Prabhakaran.T/AP MECH/PPE/UNIT 4/HYDEL POWER PLANTS Turbines Prabhakaran.T/AP MECH/PPE/UNIT 4/HYDEL POWER PLANTS

Prabhakaran.T/AP MECH/PPE/UNIT 4/HYDEL POWER PLANTS THANK U Prabhakaran.T/AP MECH/PPE/UNIT 4/HYDEL POWER PLANTS