CONCLUDING AND CITING EFFECTIVELY AUTHORSHIP WORKSHOP: TRANSLATING YOUR THESIS INTO A PUBLICATION 7th December 2016 Dr James Kigera University of Nairobi

CONCLUSION Difficult to write Needs some thought Last chance to make an impression on reader May be the only thing the reader takes away

THE GOOD Tie it to the TITLE Tie it to the SUBJECT being studied SUMMARIZE and SYNTHESIZE your main points Call to Action Ask ‘So What?’ and ‘Why should we care?’ You may ask a question or make a suggestion Avoid Verbosity

THE BAD Repetition Introducing new ideas Giving results or discussing them Changing TONE of the Paper

Antibiotic prophylaxis is safe and effective in reducing surgical site infections and global infections during hospitalization or after discharge, and postoperative length of hospital stay in low-risk patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Implementation of the WHO surgical checklist has the potential to reduce surgical complications in both developed and developing countries. Current data suggest that the effect is likely to be greater in lower-income countries, where resources are more limited and gaps more likely to occur. Our study shows that the checklist is inconsistently used across the East African Community even where local modifications have been developed. We conclude that there is an urgent need to make it available and to train the whole perioperative team on its importance and implementation. The Ministries of Health in developing countries need to engage quality improvement teams and issue directives for the implementation of the WHO SSC in all hospitals that conduct surgery.

Although increased investment in recruiting VMMC clients ages 20-29 may lead to greater overall impact if recruitment efforts are successful, it may also lead to lower cost-effectiveness, depending on the cost of increasing recruitment. Programs should measure the relationship between increased effort and increased ability to attract this age group.

REFERENCES Most Poorly Done Section Follow Journal Style Use Citation Manager Completeness Council of Science Editors (CSE) guidelines

Common…. JOURNALS Author(s). Date. Article title. Journal title. Volume(issue):pages/location BOOKS Author(s). Date. Title. Edition. Place of publication: publisher. Extent. Notes. DISSERTATION AND THESIS Author(s). Date. Title. Edition. University.

Others Websites Online Formats Forthcoming Material Unpublished Material Patents Newspapers DVDs

Habib G, Hoen B, Tornos P, Thuny F, Prendergast B, Vilacosta I, Moreillon P, de Jesus Antunes M, Thilen U, Lekakis J, Lengyel M, Müller L, Naber CK, Nihoyannopoulos P, Moritz A, Zamorano JL. ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines. Guidelines on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infective endocarditis (new version 2009): the Task Force on the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Infective Endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Endorsed by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) and the International Society of Chemotherapy (ISC) for Infection and Cancer. Eur Heart J. 2009;30:2369–2413. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehp285.

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Prophylaxis against infective endocarditis. 2008:NICE Clinical Guideline No 64. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg64. Accessed October 19, 2016. Curtis L. Unit costs of health and social care 2013.2013;2015. http://www.pssru.ac.uk/project-pages/unit-costs/2013/. Accessed January 8, 2016.

SUMMARY CONCLUSION REFFERENCES Lasting Impression So What? Why Should Anybody Care? Call to Action REFFERENCES Completeness Follow Guidelines