Benchmark Ques In English history, the Magna Carta (1215), the Petition of Right (1628) and the Bill of Rights all reinforced the concept of A. universal suffrage B. religious toleration C. a limited monarchy D. a laissez-faire economy

Democratic Development in England Vocabulary Feudalism System of rule in which powerful landowning lords divide land to gain loyalties Common law A legal system based on customs and court rulings Applied to everyone Limited monarchy Government where a constitution limits the power of the king. Lord A man of high rank in a feudal society (loyal and below the king) Vassal Lesser lord Absolute monarch

England (1000-1700) Absolute monarch William the Conqueror Kings that rule with complete power. They believed this power came from God Divine right: Because of divine right, kings also though they could do anything without any consequences. William the Conqueror King of England Required vassals to pledge loyalty to him first. Introduced a census Raised taxes King Henry II Introduced common law Tried to gain more power (problem with the Church)

King Henry’s son John In 1215 Magna Carta Continued to raise taxes and gain more power Caused a problem with the Pope and the nobles. In 1215 Nobles forced King John to sign the Magna Carta Magna Carta Reduced the kings power (king had to obey the law) Protected the rights of the nobles. Protected all free men from unreasonable arrest or imprisonment and gave them the right to a court trial No new taxes unless agreed on

Parliament Magna Carta led to the creation of Parliament Group of law makers The king now had to get permission from parliament to raise taxes or pass a law.

English Bill of Rights Forced Monarchs to obey the law and share power with parliament. Limited monarchy Constitution limits the power of the monarch

King Lords or Noblemen Knights They protect the king And The land The Catholic Church They protect the king And The land Lords or Noblemen Knights They work the land Peasants and Serfs

Feudalism was the system of loyalties and protections during the Middle Ages. As the Roman Empire crumbled, emperors granted land to nobles in exchange for their loyalty. A manor is the land owned by a noble and everything on it. A typical manor consisted of a castle, small village, and farmland.

During the Middle Ages, peasants could no longer count on the Roman army to protect them. The peasants turned to the landowners, often called lords, to protect them. Many peasants remained free, but most became serfs. A serf was bound to the land. He could not leave without buying his freedom, an unlikely occurrence

Life for a serf was not much better than the life of a slave Life for a serf was not much better than the life of a slave. The only difference was that a serf could not be sold to another manor.