Period 2 Vocabulary

Mayflower Compact (1620)—Agreement to form a majoritarian government in Plymouth, signed aboard the Mayflower; created a foundation for self-government in the colony Massachusetts Bay Colony (founded in 1630)—Established by non- separating Puritans, it soon grew to be the largest and most influential of the New England colonies Great English Migration (1630-1642)—Migration of seventy thousand refugees from England to the North American colonies, primarily New England and the Caribbean; twenty thousand migrants who came to MA largely shared a common sense of purpose—to establish a model Christian settlement in the New World

Glorious (or Bloodless) Revolution (1688-1689)---Relatively peaceful overthrow of the unpopular Catholic monarch, James II, who was replaced with Dutch-born William III and Marcy accepted increased parliamentary oversight and new limits on monarchical authority salutary neglect (1688-1763)—Unofficial policy of relaxed royal control over colonial trade and only weak enforcement of Navigation Laws; lasted from the Glorious Revolution to the end of the French and Indian War in 1763

indentured servants—Migrants who, in exchange for transatlantic passage, bound themselves to a colonial employer for a term of service, typically between four and seven years; their migration addressed the chronic labor shortage in the colonies and facilitated settlement headright system—Employed in the tobacco colonies to encourage the importation of indentured servants, the system allowed an individual to acquire fifty acres of land if he paid for a laborer’s passage to the colony Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)—Uprising of Virginia backcountry farmers and indentured servants led by planter Nathanial Bacon; initially a response to Governor William Berkeley’s refusal to protect backcountry settlers from Indian attacks, the rebellion eventually grew into a broader conflict between impoverished settlers and the planter elite

middle passage—Transatlantic voyage slaves endured between Africa and the colonies; mortality rates were notoriously high 6. slave codes—Set of laws beginning in 1662 defining racial slavery; established the hereditary nature of slavery and limited the rights and education of slaves

New York slave revolt (1712)—Uprising of approximately two dozen slaves that resulted in the deaths of nine whites and the brutal execution of twenty-one participating blacks South Carolina slave revolt (Stono River) (1739)—Uprising also known as the Stono Rebellion, of more than 50 South Carolina blacks along the Stono River; the slaves attempted to reach Spanish Florida but were stopped by the South Carolina militia Triangular trade—Exchange of rum, slaves, and molasses between the North American Colonies, Africa, and the West Indies. A small but immensely profitable subset of the Atlantic trade Molasses Act (1737)—Tax on imported molasses passed by Parliament in an effort to squelch the North American trade with the French West Indies. It proved largely ineffective due to widespread smuggling

old lights—Orthodox clergymen who rejected the emotionalism of the Great Awakening in favor of a more rational spirituality new lights—Ministers who took part in the revivalist, emotive religious tradition pioneered by George Whitefield during the Great Awakening