SPS-related Barriers Faced by Cambodian Exporters in East Asian Countries Dourng Kakada Economic Institute of Cambodia (EIC) June 26th-27th,2006 Hainan, China

Content Cambodia’s Overview Cambodian Export Profile SPS Issues in Cambodia: The weakness Case Studies

Cambodia’s Overview Population: 13.9 Million in 2005 Economic growth: 6~7% per annum Poverty rate: 35% in 2004 Least Developed Country (LDC) GDP/capita: US$ 390 in 2005 Receiving GSP schemes from developed/developing countries

Cambodian Export Profile (1) Total recorded merchandise exports: US$ 1.1 billion in 2000 and US$ 2.4 billion in 2005 Cambodian merchandise exports are limited in terms of Export Directions…….. Sources: Ministry of Economy and Finance

Cambodian Export Profile (2) ……….And in terms of Export Products Source: Ministry of Economy and Finance Informal exports of agricultural products are significant

SPS Issues in Cambodia: The weakness (1) Weak Capacity of Institutional Certification/Conformity Assessment No laboratory is accredited by international standard bodies such as ISO, APLAC, EA…ect. Inadequate capacity of laboratory to meet requirements of some importing countries

SPS Issues in Cambodia: The weakness (2) Lack of private investment in certification services Small market size Few agents operating certification services Inadequate capacity of export firm to meet SPS requirements Facilities Management (e.g. Flow chart)

Case Studies

Case Study #1: Rice’s Access to Chinese Markets With concerns of pests and diseases to be imported into its country: China requested documents for risk analysis and assessment (1) China dispatched expert group to conduct field inspection in Cambodia (2) ►The ability of rice to access to Chinese markets is based on above assessments

Documents requested for risk analysis and assessment (1) Information about the plant and/or the product being tested including general name, scientific name, variety and class. Information about the producing area of the product indicating the province, city and area, showing the product location on the national map with associated acreage. Information about field management, growing and harvest times. Information about pests and diseases involved including the general and scientific names, distribution, plants with parasites, harm-stricken parts of the plant, harm season, the supervision and inspection system, an impact statement on economy and biology. Information of plant protection such as the method and effect of protection adopted, the description and frequency of chemicals used for protection. Risk management measures for harmful plants including import & export inspection and quarantine law, processes and standards. Information of the organization system of Inspection and Quarantine Bureau from central administration to local government, as well as its responsibility; the institution which is used as the inspection and quarantine lab is included. Information of ongoing procedures, organisation relating to the Issuance of Certificate of Inspection and Quarantine, and a copy of the Certificate.

Results of Field Inspection (2) Capacity of Phytosanitary Laboratory is not yet satisfied Inadequate capacity of Border Phytosanitary Authority Facilities Staff Inadequate Facility/Management of Export Firms Processing facilities Quality Management

Case #2: Black Pepper’s access to Japanese Markets Black pepper is not accessible to Japanese markets due to the requirement of a certificate of sterilisation

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