Submitted by:- DR.Madhurima Sharma PGGCG-II,Chandigarh LYSOSOMES Submitted by:- DR.Madhurima Sharma PGGCG-II,Chandigarh

LYSOSOMES:SUICIDE BAGS Spherical in form Tiny sacs bound by unit membranes

Tiny sacs bound by unit membrane. Contain hydrolytic enzymes. Nearly 50 hydrolytic enzymes identified.Enzymes also called ACID HYDROLASES as they require acid for their action.Enzymes inactive at neutral pH. Contents acidic with pH 5.This pH is maintained by ATP dependent proton transport pump.

COMMON HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES Proteases Nucleases (deoxyribonuclease, ribonuclease). Glycosidases. Lipases. Sulphatases. Phosphatases. All enzymes are not found in one lysosome. Lysosomal membrane prevents enzymes from escaping into cytoplasm and destroying it.In weak cells lysosomal membrane breaks down to lyse such a cell.

POLYMORPHISM Primary lysosomes Secondary lysosomes Residual bodies Autophagic vacuoles

ORIGIN From GOLGI COMPLEX Or SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM OR BOTH Originate as membranous vesicles containing enzymes received from ER and stored in GOLGI.

FUNCTIONS Digestion of useful materials Digestion of harmful materials Digestion of unwanted materials Renewal of cells and organelles Feeding of starving animals Autolysis Aids in fertilization Helps in contraception Initiation of mitosis Processing

MALFUNCTION Blood cancer Sunburn Genetic disorders Degenerative changes in bones and joints associated with arthritis