An – Najah National University A Hydraulic Analysis of Askar camp Water Distribution Network Prepared By: Mahdi Munther Ali Under the Supervision : Dr. Mohammad N. Almasri 2010
شكر خاص جداً شكرا لدكتوري الجلـيـل الطيب الخـلق النبــيل شكرا لأكـــرم عالــم و ممجد حـر أصيـــل من فضله قد كان فوقـي مـثلما ظـلي الظلـــيل
1 Introduction
1.1 Water distribution networks (WDN): People who live in different locations, whom their homes are not located in the same area and there is considerable distance between them they need to have water distribution networks (WDNs). WDNs connect consumers to sources of water by using hydraulic components, such as pipes, valves, reservoirs and pumps. WDNs must transmit and distribute clean and safe water for human activities.
1.1 Water distribution networks (WDN): The WDNs should be capable of: Meeting the demands Satisfactory pressure head The WDNs may be classified as: Grid(looped) systems Branching systems Combination of the two
2 Objectives
2.1 The Objective of the Project: The main objective of this project is to: To study and analyze the water consumption and to estimate the losses from the existing water distribution network of Askar Refugee Camps. . To hydraulically analyze the WDN of Askar Refugee Camps using the EPANET software. To recommend a new design of WDN of Askar refugee camps if needed.
3 Study Area
3.1 Study Area Askar refugee camp is inside the municipal boundaries of Nablus in the north east of the city away from the city center 5 km.
Rainfall Data for Nablus Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual 5.6 5.8 4.1 0.8 0.3 0.0 0.1 3.0 5.5 26.0 Inches 141.1 146.9 104.0 20.2 7.8 1.8 20.7 77.1 140.5 660.1 mm
Askar Camp population according PCBS. Building Housing Units Households Population Male Female Total 1997 1012 1612 1528 4801 4695 9496 2007 1096 2327 2114 5,808 5,799 11,607
Demographic profile:
4 Methodology
4.1 Methodology: Collecting information and reliable data Visiting the field Convert the drawing sheet of AutoCAD network to EPANET input network. Data needed for EPANET network is elevation, and Diameter for each pipe. Two types of analysis were considered in this project, present steady state and future steady state
5 Analysis Approach
6.1 Overview of System: Askar receives its water from Ain Dafna pumping station, where there is Ein Dafna reservoir filled with water from Ein Dafna spring and mainly from Audala well Which lies about 8 km southeast of Nablus, near the town of Hiwwara and its productivity is about 4500 m3 /day, and 510 m above sea level
Building Total area(m²) Total Water cons(liters) 6.3 Area Partition : Area ID #Of Nods Nodes Building Total area(m²) population Total Water cons(liters) Water cons/node (m3/d) 1 8 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 4329.2 375 25,097 3.14 2 12 11,12,13,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,160 3612.2 313 20,941 1.75 3 5 12,13,14,15,16 1534.2 133 8,894 1.78 4 10 9,10,11,12,16,17,18,23,24,25 3376.7 292 19,575 1.96
6.4 Data Input: The consumption were obtained from Nablus Municipality by analyzing one hundred water bills for the camp it was found the average per capita water consumption is 67 L/C-d. Supply obtained from Nablus Municipality indicate that the average per capita water demand is 92 L/C-d . EPANET data needs for this value but with units of CMH; thus the software demand input as cubic meter per hour.
6.4 Data Input: hLf = 162.5*( )1.852*D-4.87*L The pipes used in WDN is steel with (H-WC)=100 Growth rate (r) = 1.87% Density of the population = Population/Total building area=0.0865 person/square meter. Losses= 1- (consumption/supply)=27 % Pipe Diameter (mm) Length (m) 75 2189 90 3178 110 1133 152.4 1342 203.4 1958 Total 9800 m
7 Results
Present Characteristic Curve and Future Characteristic Curve.
Changed pipe Present pipe diameter Future pipe diameter The main pipeline which transmits water to the old Askar camp. 8-inches 12-inches The main pipeline between the old Askar camp and the new Askar camp. 6-inches
Present pipe diameter
Future
7.1 The Velocity in Pipes(present and future:
7.2 The Pressure Head for Nodes present & future:
8 Conclusions
8.1 For Existing Conditions. The network was capable to command the present demands. 8.2 For Future Design. Due to the increasing in population and water demands , the present network will not capable the command the anticipated future demand some pipes with small diameters must be replaced with larger diameters in the existing pipe network to make it capable to meet the future requirements placed on it until 2035 at satisfactory pressure and velocities .
There was a problem of nodes having negative pressure ( junction s1 which at present has the maximum pressure for future it will has a negative pressure ).The velocities will be very high in the main pipe between the pumping station and the old Askar camp and the same case in the pipe between old and new Askar camp.
9 Recommendations
9.1 Recommendations: the pipes listed on table 5.2 should be replaced. Increase pump head to increase the pressure of water. In order to prevent high pressure at the beginning of the network , use pressure reducing valves .