India & Southeast Asia.

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India and SouthEast Asia

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India & Southeast Asia

The Vedic Age Aryas v.Dasas Varna Class Structure = Brahmin (Priests/Scholars) Kshatriya (Warriors) Varshya (Merchants) Shudra (Peasant/Laborers) Untouchables (Demeaning work) Jati = Subdivision of the 4 main Varna (Caste) Rules (Jobs, duties, interaction among Jati groups) Religion / Role of Women Worship via sacrafice Study, participate in rituals, own property

Jainism, Buddhism & Hinduism Formed by monopoly of the Brahmins Jainism Founded: Mahavira Nonviolence to all living things Buddhism Founder: Siddhartha Gautama The Four Noble Truths / Eightfold Path to Enlightenment 2 Sects = Mahayana (new) & Theraveda (old) Hinduism Reformed Vedic Religion Devotion to the gods (Vishnu, Shiva, & Devi) = 1 Divine Force Puja & Pilgrimage (Ganges river) Dominant Religion

The Mauryan Empire 324-184 BCE Formed from Kingdom of Magadha Strategic Geographic Location Agricultural & Iron Resources Mauryan Government Capitol: Pataliputra Large Army 25% Agricultural Tax State Monopolies (mines, ships, weapons) Notable Leaders Founder: Chandragupta Ashoka = Buddhism state adopted religion (Buddhist empire!) Era of Political Fragmentation Economic & Cultural Development North = Guilds / Deccan State Central = Religious authority / Urbanization South = Artistic / 3 kingdoms

The Gupta Empire 320-550 CE Magadha Kingdom…again Controlled Central & Northern India Copied Mauryan Govt. Structure Except: Weak military & theatre-state Gupta Culture Trade with SE Asia Literacy / Mathematics Arabic numerals & concept of zero Women = No right to own land, treated like Shudra, married young, social status determined treatment Religion = Hinduism / Tolerant Collapse = Military Spending (Huns) Southern India Warrior Kingdoms (Pallavas & Cholas)

Southeast Asia 50-1025 CE 3 Geographic Zones Indochina Mainland Malay Peninsula Islands Natural Resources & Agriculture Fertile soil / Several Growing Seasons Domestic Animals / Agricultural Products Swidden = Slash & Burn agriculture Migrations Malay peoples from Southern China First Major State = Funan 1st thru 6th Century Mekong Delta