Vehicle Fuel Usage Learning Objectives :

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Presentation transcript:

Vehicle Fuel Usage Learning Objectives : To understand what fuel consumption is To understand the factors which affect fuel consumption To consider the environmental impact of electric cars

Fuel Consumption Fuel consumption indicates how efficiently a car uses fuel. We aim for better consumption to reduce cost & pollution Two common measures : UK / US “Miles per gallon” [higher = better] Continental Europe “Litres / 100km” [lower= better] Usually quoted for different driving conditions : Urban, Cruising, combined

Types of fuel Currently, most cars use one of two types of fuel : Diesel and Petrol. Both are fossil fuels. In general diesel gives better fuel consumption: Consider a new Ford Fiesta with a 1.4 litre engine (mpg) Urban Extra Urban Combined Petrol 37.7 61.4 49.6 Diesel 53.3 80.7 67.3

Questions What happens to the resistive forces, (air resistance and friction) at greater speeds? How does kinetic energy increase with speed? Where does this “extra” energy come from?

Factors Affecting Consumption Work against Resistive Forces When driving at high speed the engine must do work against air resistance and friction. Air resistance increases dramatically with speed. Ultimately this limits the top speed of cars It can be improved by streamlining

Factors Affecting Consumption Increase in kinetic energy As speed increases the Kinetic energy increases dramatically, (Ek = ½mv2) This “extra energy” has to come from burning fuel more quickly

Factors Affecting Consumption Driving style Fast, harsh driving with rapid acceleration and heavy braking increases consumption Slower, steady driving with less braking reduces consumption

Factors Affecting Consumption Road Conditions Driving up hill etc is doing additional work against gravity and so will use more fuel.

Electric Cars Much is said about the use of electric cars to reduce pollution. At the point of use (i.e. Driving the car) an electric car appear to produce no pollution However, how was the electricity made?

Electric Cars If the electricity has been made using a renewable source such as photo voltaic cells (solar) then it is fair to say that electric cars are pollution free. However if the electricity was generated using fossil fuels (nearly all currently) then pollution is still produced