Introduction to Biology I Prepared by: Ms. Carolyn R. Magat M.S. Biology (AR)

Objectives Name the scientist who first observed living and nonliving cells Summarize the research that led to the development of the cell theory State the three principles of the cell theory

What is Science? Science is the study of the natural world based on facts learned through experiments and observation It is a body of systematized study of the nature based on facts. Facts anything that truly exists or happens, a true piece of information.

Structure of living things ANATOMY BACTERIOLOGY Structure of living things Bacteria

BIOCHEMISTRY BOTANY Chemical processes in living organisms Plant life

CYTOLOGY Cells function, structure, and chemistry DERMATOLOGY Skins

ECOLOGY Interrelationships between organisms and their environment EPIDEMIOLOGY Epidemics, Widespread diseases

ENTOMOLOGY Insects ETHOLOGY Animal behavior

Reptiles and amphibians GENETICS The process by which genetic information is passed from parents to offspring (Genes and heredity) HERPETOLOGY Reptiles and amphibians Reptiles Amphibians Crocodiles Frogs Alligators Toads Turtles Salamander Lizards Anurans

ICHTHYOLOGY Fish MARINE BIOLOGY/ OCEANOGRAPHY Sea creatures and the underwater environment

MAMMALOGY Mammals (Warm blooded, Have hair, Make milk) MICROBIOLOGY Microscopic organisms

NUTRITION Diet and health MYCOLOGY Fungi NUTRITION Diet and health

ORNITHOLOGY Birds PALEONTOLOGY Prehistoric life

PATHOLOGY Diseases caused by organisms (bacteria, fungi, protist, viruses) Pathos- sickness PHYSIOLOGY How organisms function and carry out physical/ chemical processes

TAXONOMY The groupings of living things VIROLOGY Viruses and virus-like agents (prions) No consensus on whether they are living

ZOOLOGY The animal kingdom

The Cell Theory: A Timeline

Late 1500’s Hans and Zacharias Janssen Dutch lens grinders, father and son produced first compound microscope (2 lenses)

Robert Hooke ( 1665) Used light microscope to look at thin slices of plant tissues -- cork Looked empty, like monk’s chamber Called tiny chambers “cells”

Anton von Leeuwenhoek (1673) Looked at pond water organisms First to see living microscopic organisms. Made careful sketches.

Matthias Schleiden -- 1838 German Botanist (studied plants) Viewed plant parts under a microscope Discovered that plant parts are made of cells He concluded: “All plants are made of cells.”

Theodore Schwann -- 1839 “All animals are made of cells.” German scientist who studied animals - zoologist Saw that all animals he studied were cellular so concluded: “All animals are made of cells.”

Rudolf Virchow - 1855 German physician who studied cell reproduction “Where a cell exists, there must have been a preexisting cell.”