Chapter 7 Personal Health Page 161

Lesson 1: Healthy Skin, Hair, and Nails Integumentary system- skin, hair, and nails Skin First layer of defense Regulates body temp Sweat glands- Skin care Every morning and evening, should wash your face Vitamin A helps with skin care Sun screen- UV rays cause sun burn, still can burn on cloudy days 2-8 hours for burn to show Sun can cause cancer Premature aging of skin

Body Piercing and tattoos Puncturing of skin- can cause infection HIV- Skin Problems Acne Sebaceous glands Hair 100,000-200,000 hairs on head alone Follicles Wash and brush hair regularly Problems Dandruff- dead skin is shed, white flakes show up on hair and clothing Head lice

Nails Finger and toe nails are dead cells that push up from below the skin Keep nails evenly trimmed Keep cuticles pushed back and clip hangnails Don’t cut nails too short

Lesson 2: Healthy Teeth and Mouth Periodontium- area around the teeth Gums, periodontal ligament, and jawbone Tooth- root, neck, crown Healthy teeth Flossing and brush teeth at least twice a day Plague Fluoride- helps prevent tooth decay Need to visit dentist 1-2 times a year Cut down on sugar Foods with Phosphorus, Vitamin C and D

Teeth Problems Periodontal disease- inflammation Halitosis- bad breath Bacteria in mouth Plague hardens into tartar- takes 24 to 36 hours Decay wears away enamel Abscessed- pus collects in and around the bone socket and tooth Halitosis- bad breath Gingivitis and Periodontitis- gums become swollen and bleed Malocclusion- upper and lower jaw do not align properly

Healthy Eyes 80% of info from eyes Eye sockets, eyebrows, eyelids, eyelashes Lacrimal gland- produces tears Tear ducts Parts of the Eye Optic Nerve- connects eye with brain Eyeball wall Sclera- white outer coat for protection- front part is cornea- focuses the eye Choroid- middle layer, contains iris- colored part of eye Retina- light sensitive membrane on which images are projected Rods- sensitive to light, cones- sensitive to color

Healthy Eyes Problems Checkups once a year Wear correct glasses and lenses Take breaks from reading Watch TV in well lit rooms Problems Near or farsightedness – myopia- corrected by concave lenses Hyperopia- corrected by convex lenses Astigmatism- curvature of lenses uneven, objects blurred Strabismus- muscles of eyes don’t work together Amblyopia- reduced vision in weaker eye from strabismus Cataracts- clouding of lenses Glaucoma- pressure of fluid in eye too high, damage optic nerve Detached Retina- retina detaches from outer layers of the eye

Lesson 4: Healthy Ears 3 Parts The Outer Ear- auricle- fleshy part you sea, collects the sound External auditory canal- tunnel that to ear drum Lined with hair and produces wax to stop germs Tympanic membrane-ear drum Middle Ear- ossicles- three small bones that link ear drm with inner ear Malleus, incus, stapes Inner Ear- labyrinth Cochlea- turns vibrations into nerve impulses Vestibule and semicircular canals- balance

Hearing Balance Healthy Ears Ear transforms vibrations into nerve impulses Binaural hearing- two ears, differences can determine where sound is coming from Balance Semicircular canal- has hairs and fluids- as fluid moves over hair, can determine your balance Healthy Ears Keep clean Keep covered in cold Avoid loud noises

Problems Deafness- loss of hearing Two types Conductive- sound waves not passed from outer ear to inner ear Otosclerosis- hereditary- overgrowth of bone causes the ossicles to lose ability to move Sensorineural deafness- inner messages not sent to brain Tinnitus- ringing sensation in ear