Fig. 1. Conceptual model of seed bank input as a function of humidity-regulated dormancy onset under variable weather conditions. We hypothesize that there.

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Fig. 1. Conceptual model of seed bank input as a function of humidity-regulated dormancy onset under variable weather conditions. We hypothesize that there is a higher potential for seeds to respond to humidity fluctuations prior to dispersal when the seeds are held in the tree canopy compared with post-dispersal, when seeds fall to the soil surface, after which they may be removed to ants' nests or otherwise buried in soil or leaf litter after some period of time. Germination of non-dormant seed follows rainfall and dormant seeds accumulate in a seed bank. From: Humidity-regulated dormancy onset in the Fabaceae: a conceptual model and its ecological implications for the Australian wattle Acacia saligna Ann Bot. 2014;114(3):579-590. doi:10.1093/aob/mcu144 Ann Bot | © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com

Fig. 2. Fraction of dormant seed (y) measured in germination trials as a function of the minimum RH (x) maintained during storage over 24 h (y = 1/(1 + 100/(e<sup>(13·62–3·406(ln(x)))</sup>))) or 50 d (y = 100/(1 + 1/(e<sup>(7·184–0·1051x)</sup>))), as indicated in the key. From: Humidity-regulated dormancy onset in the Fabaceae: a conceptual model and its ecological implications for the Australian wattle Acacia saligna Ann Bot. 2014;114(3):579-590. doi:10.1093/aob/mcu144 Ann Bot | © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com

Table 3. Sensitivity of dormancy onset to variation in RH under field conditions. Each row represents samples exposed during the specified dates; columns 2–5 are the duration of exposure (h) below the RH threshold specified, column 6 is the minimum humidity experienced during exposure and column 7 is the level of dormancy measured following exposure. The control sample was maintained at 75 % RH throughout the experiment and tested upon conclusion From: Humidity-regulated dormancy onset in the Fabaceae: a conceptual model and its ecological implications for the Australian wattle Acacia saligna Ann Bot. 2014;114(3):579-590. doi:10.1093/aob/mcu144 Ann Bot | © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com

Fig. 4. Frequency of years when RH falls below 20 % during a nominal 2-week ripening period; the x-axis represents the date ripening commences. Diamonds represent frequency of years calculated from weather records spanning the period 1972–2007 at Sydney Airport. Circles and squares are estimated frequencies in the future (nominally 2050) based on, respectively, the CSIRO Mark 2 (M2H) and Mark 3 (M3H) climate models, assuming a scenario of high carbon emissions (Hennessey et al., 2005). Triangles represent the corresponding frequencies for Perth (south-west Australia) for the period 1974–2007. Closed symbols represent statistics for a nominal 2-week pre-dispersal period. Open symbols represent statistics for the pre-dispersal period through to the end of January. From: Humidity-regulated dormancy onset in the Fabaceae: a conceptual model and its ecological implications for the Australian wattle Acacia saligna Ann Bot. 2014;114(3):579-590. doi:10.1093/aob/mcu144 Ann Bot | © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com

Fig. 5. Estimated seed bank dormancy as a function of the date ripening commences averaged over the years 1972–2007. Dormancy was estimated for each year in the 34-year sequence from the minimum humidity occurring in a nominal 2-week ripening period using the equation in Fig. 3. Diamonds represent averages calculated from weather records at Sydney Airport. Circles and squares are the estimated averages in the future (nominally 2050) based on, respectively, the CSIRO Mark 2 and Mark 3 climate models, assuming a high carbon emissions scenario (Hennessey et al., 2005). Triangles represent the corresponding averages for Perth (south-west Australia) for the period 1972–2007. Closed symbols represent statistics for a nominal 2-week pre-dispersal period. Open symbols represent statistics for the pre-dispersal period through to the end of January. From: Humidity-regulated dormancy onset in the Fabaceae: a conceptual model and its ecological implications for the Australian wattle Acacia saligna Ann Bot. 2014;114(3):579-590. doi:10.1093/aob/mcu144 Ann Bot | © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com

Fig. 6. Daily minimum RH recorded in the litter (y) plotted against the corresponding minimum ambient humidity (x) during the period 24 December 2013 to 10 February 2014. Symbols represent three locations ∼5 m apart (y = 35.8ln(x) – 66·1; r<sup>2</sup> = 0·48). From: Humidity-regulated dormancy onset in the Fabaceae: a conceptual model and its ecological implications for the Australian wattle Acacia saligna Ann Bot. 2014;114(3):579-590. doi:10.1093/aob/mcu144 Ann Bot | © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com

Fig. 7. Patterns of humidity recorded at the same litter locations as in Fig. 6 (broken lines) and the atmosphere (solid line) on the driest day during the period 24 December 2013 to 10 February 2014. From: Humidity-regulated dormancy onset in the Fabaceae: a conceptual model and its ecological implications for the Australian wattle Acacia saligna Ann Bot. 2014;114(3):579-590. doi:10.1093/aob/mcu144 Ann Bot | © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com