Chapter 6 –The Shape of Molecules

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 6 –The Shape of Molecules

Why Care About the Shape of Molecules Shape determines molecular properties Melting point Boiling point Chemical reactivity

All electrons are negatively charged. Like charges repel. VSEPR Model (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) Theory that determines how molecules arrive at a three dimensional shape Repulsion between the sets of valence-level electrons surrounding an atom causes these sets to be oriented as far apart as possible All electrons are negatively charged. Like charges repel.

Are These Bonds As Far Apart As Possible? No Way! H H H C H H B H H

Predicting a VSEPR Structure Draw Lewis structure. Determine the number of electron groups around the central atom 1 electron group is equal to Single, Double, Triple Bond or Lone Pair Count up lone pairs on the central atom Determine the shape of the molecule Determine the bond angle

Base VSEPR Structure 2 Electron Groups Linear Bond angles of 180˚ X A

X A Base VSEPR Structure 3 Electron Groups Trigonal Planar Bond angles of 120˚ X A

X A Base VSEPR Structure 4 Electron Groups Tetrahedral Geometry Bond angles of 109.5˚

Determine shape and bond angles for Your Turn Determine shape and bond angles for BI3 SiBr4 BeF2 Trigonal Planar, 120° Tetrahedral, 109.5° Linear, 180°

Lone Pairs of Electrons Lone Pairs of Electrons make the bond angle a little bit smaller More replusion

1 Lone Pairs on Trigonal Planar Bent – Bond Angles of < 120 A X X

1 Lone Pair w/ Tetrahedral Trigonal Pyramidal – Bond Angles 107 X A

2 Lone Pairs w/ Tetrahedral Bent – Bond Angles = 104.5 A X X

Determine shape and bond angles for Your Turn Determine shape and bond angles for PBr3 O3 SeO2 Trigonal Pyrimidal, 107° Bent, <120° Bent, <120°

Intermolecular Forces Forces of attraction between molecules Intermolecular Forces are responsible for melting and boiling points Strong IMF raise BP and MP Three different types of IMF London Forces, Dipole-Dipole, and Hydrogen Bonding

Permanent attraction between polar molecules Dipole - Dipole Permanent attraction between polar molecules

Extra Strong attraction b/t polar molecules where H is bonded to F,N,O Hydrogen Bonding Extra Strong attraction b/t polar molecules where H is bonded to F,N,O

Temporary Dipole caused by the collision of nonpolar molecules London Forces Temporary Dipole caused by the collision of nonpolar molecules