AP Psychology Introduction.

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Presentation transcript:

AP Psychology Introduction

What is psychology? Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

Roots of Psychology It is a relatively new science that seeks to discover how we think, feel, and act. It has been a formal study for a little over 100 years, however… The first recorded experiment was done in Egypt. Be sure to hit on Aristotle, Plato, Socrates, Locke, Rousseau and Decartes.

Roots of Psychology Franz J. Gall (1808) – Father of Phrenology

Roots of Psychology William Wundt

Roots of Psychology William James Functionalism Mary Calkins

Psychology’s Current Perspectives Psychodynamic- subconscious Behavioral – studies behavior/learning associations Cognitive – studies brain processes; how we store, process, and retrieve information Humanistic- pays attention to cultural responses, looks at human growth Biological- biochemistry, nervous system, etc. Social – your environment can impact your behavior

Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic Approach Sigmund Freud Treated patients with mental disorders by talking with them over time to reveal unconscious conflicts, motives, and defenses

Behavioral Approach Ivan Pavlov was a forerunner, later behaviorists include John Watson and B. F. Skinner Study of observable behavior Reject studying mental processes because private events cannot be verified

Cognitive Approach Jean Piaget Emphasize importance of receiving; storing and processing information; of thinking and reasoning; and of language Like a computer: encoding, storage, retrieval

Humanistic Approach Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers Thought humans have unique qualities of behavior different from other animals Free will and potential for personal growth Positive – humans can solve their own problems

Biological Approach Focuses on physiological bases of behavior Looks at how complex chemical and biological processes within the nervous and endocrine systems are related to behavior of organisms

Social Approach Study social and environmental factors that influence cultural differences in behavior Examines cultural differences in order to understand, predict, and control behavior