Quantized Energy and Photons

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Presentation transcript:

Quantized Energy and Photons Section 6.2 Quantized Energy and Photons

Objectives Compare the wave and particle models of light. Define a quantum of energy and explain how it is related to an energy change of matter. Contrast continuous electromagnetic spectra and atomic emission spectra.

Key Terms Quantum Plank’s Constant Photoelectric effect

More Than Just a Wave Wave model fails to explain several phenomena: Blackbody radiation Photoelectric effect Emission spectra

Hot Objects Heated solids emit radiation Red stovetop White light bulb Wavelength theories did not explain relationship between intensity and temperature Blackbody radiation Emission of light from hot objects

Particle Nature of Light Besides having wave characteristics, light also acts like a particle. The Quantum Concept: Energy can only be gained or lost in a specified amount  A Quantum. Equantum = hv h is Plank’s Constant = 6.626 x 10-34 J•s

Blocks and Quanta Think of energy transfer like building a wall of Legos®. I can only add or take away 1 Lego. There is no such thing as a ½ Lego.

Particle Nature of Light Photoelectric Effect (Einstein): electrons, called photoelectrons, are emitted from a metal’s surface when light of a certain frequency shines on the surface. Photoelectrons Light

The Photon Photon: particle of electromagnetic radiation no mass carries a quantum of energy Ephoton = hv

Quantized Radiant Energy Photon strikes and is absorbed by metal surface Photon transfers energy to an electron in the metal Amount of energy (work function) is required to overcome the attractive forces (electron & metal) If photons energy is < that of work function THAN electrons do not escape If photons energy is > that of work function THAN electrons are emitted Excess energy appears as kinetic energy of the electrons

Atomic Emission Spectra Electricity passed through a tube of gas Gas atoms absorb energy and become excited Atoms release the energy absorbed in the form of light. Each atom has specific frequencies it will release in the light form.

Atomic Emission Spectra Hydrogen (H) Helium (He) Oxygen (O) http://astro.u-strasbg.fr/~koppen/discharge/index.html

Atomic Emission Spectra Neon (Ne) Xenon (Xe) http://astro.u-strasbg.fr/~koppen/discharge/index.html

Neon Signs

Homework 6.21-6.28 on page 253