The Rise of Segregation Goal 7

Progressivism Quiz 1. What did the 16th Amendment do? 3. Who wrote and took photographs to expose poor living conditions in cities, especially for immigrants? 4. Who helped expand democracy by calling for direct primaries? 5. Which president is known for wanting to regulate business, and often used “gentlemen’s agreements”? BONUS (10 points): Name the three “progressive presidents”.

Essential Idea The major failure of the Progressive Era was the continued segregation of races in the South. Introduction

Racism in the South Reconstruction: A time when the military ran the South and many Republicans and blacks were in government

“Redeeming” the South Compromise of 1877- this deal let Rutherford B. Hayes become president in exchange for ENDING Reconstruction “Redemption”- with military gone, the South got rid of Republicans and blacks in government, and the “old South” is redeemed

Disenfranchisement Blacks GAINED suffrage with the passing of the 15th Amendment, which said that men of all races could vote States could not VIOLATE the 15th Amendment, but they could add RESTRICTIONS to it

Getting Around the 15th Method #1: Poll taxes Poll Taxes put a $2 tax on voting, which targeted poor blacks

Stopping the Black Vote Method #2: Literacy Tests Literacy tests required voters to read and interpret state constitutions, which targeted illiterate blacks

Stopping the Black Vote Method #3: the Grandfather Clause The Grandfather Clause said you could only vote if you had an ancestor from 1867 who had voted How many blacks could vote in 1867? (15th Amendment was ratified in 1870!)

Disenfranchisement Blacks were DISENFRANCHISED as a result Disenfranchisement- laws passed to take away voting rights How many blacks voted for McKinley (a Republican, like Lincoln) in the North? How many blacks voted for McKinley in the South? Does it appear that something fishy is going on?

Jim Crow Laws ___________________ - laws that legally ___________________ the races in the __________. The 14th Amendment DID say that states could not DISCRIMINATE However, the 14th Amendment DID NOT say that states could not SEGREGATE, or that PRIVATE businesses could not discriminate

Types of Segregation Two types of segregations came about: Type of segregation: De jure De jure meant segregation by LAW This was upheld by Plessy v. Ferguson, which allowed “separate but EQUAL” Type of segregation: De facto De facto meant segregation by CUSTOM This was allowed by the 14th Amendment since it was not done by the STATE

Plessy v. Ferguson The Case: Plessy v. Ferguson The issue: a black man wanted to be able to ride in a white train car The ruling: races can be segregated if they are “SEPARATE BUT EQUAL” Plessy and Jim Crow

Trouble in Wilmington Blacks in Wilmington: blacks were the majority population, held positions of power in government, and ran the local newspapers Whites in Wilmington: white supremacists in the city decided it was time to “take the city back”

Wilmington Riot First, whites destroyed the newspaper building and there were riots all day Next, the Republicans and blacks were forced out of government and replaced with Democrats

Wilmington Race Riot The NEW government began passing Jim Crow laws Meanwhile, the Federal Government did NOTHING to stop the injustice

Lynching The Problem: Lynching, which is an unlawful execution, usually performed by a mob The victims: 187 blacks a year

Ida B. Wells Who spoke out? Ida B. Wells What she called for: jury trials and HONEST convictions (6th Amendment) Famous song from the time: Strange Fruit

Looking for Compromise There were ____ major figures who spoke out concerning ________________ and __________ in the South. Booker T. Washington Approach to segregation: Gradual He said blacks should be educated and economically stable BEFORE fighting for equality He made the famous Atlanta Compromise Speech, calling for gradual equality He established the Tuskegee Institute for blacks

W.E.B. Du Bois: Change Things NOW Who: W.E.B. Du Bois Approach to segregation: Immediate He said that segregation should be challenged immediately Washington and Du Bois He met with black leaders at the Niagara Movement to demand full rights He helped organize the NAACP and started a newspaper, The Crisis

Lynching in Modern Times (Show if there is time, in order. If limited on time, show only the middle video) Modern Day Lynching? Show: History of Lynching in America The Ku Klux Klan and the Lynching of Michael Donald Michael Donald’s Mother Takes On the Klan