AIM: Why is the Enlightenment of the 1700s considered to be an “Age of Reason”? DO NOW: RESOLVED: that natural resources are more important to a region’s development than human resources. ------------------------------------------------------- AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE

PANEL DISCUSSION RESOLVED: that natural resources are more important to a region’s development than human resources. ---------------------------------------------- AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE foundation Need humans to develop… Building blocks… utility Earliest civilizations resources will lay idle without human innovation

Do Now: What do you remember learning about the history of Europe? AIM: Why is the Enlightenment of the 1700s considered to be an “Age of Reason”? Do Now: What do you remember learning about the history of Europe?

AIM: Why is the Enlightenment of the 1700s considered to be an “Age of Reason”? What do you remember about the Renaissance? Date? Meaning? underlying principle? Effects?

AIM: Why is the Enlightenment of the 1700s considered to be an “Age of Reason”? What do you remember about the Scientific Revolution? Date? People to know? Lasting influence?

“CONTINUITY AND CHANGE” AIM: Why is the Enlightenment of the 1700s considered to be an “Age of Reason”? “CONTINUITY AND CHANGE” What do you think this means? What does it mean in relation to human history?

AIM: Why is the Enlightenment of the 1700s considered to be an “Age of Reason”? DO NOW: How did the Scientific Revolution change the way scientific knowledge was gained?

AIM: Why is the Enlightenment of the 1700s considered to be an “Age of Reason”? WHAT IS NATURALISM? Belief in natural laws Laws that govern nature and human society Ie. – unalienable rights - ??

AIM: Why is the Enlightenment of the 1700s considered to be an “Age of Reason”? WHAT IS RATIONALISM? Belief in human reason Idea that human reason can be used to uncover natural laws PROGRESS AND HUMANITARIANISM The belief that through the application of human reason, “man” can work to improve society and the human condition

AIM: Why is the Enlightenment of the 1700s considered to be an “Age of Reason”? WHO WERE THE PHILOSOPHES? French political philosophers Unalienable rights Social contract theory Reform – democratic Free speech

AIM: Why is the Enlightenment of the 1700s considered to be an “Age of Reason”? DO NOW: What is naturalism? What is rationalism? What is an unalienable right? Describe social contract theory.

AIM: Why is the Enlightenment of the 1700s considered to be an “Age of Reason”? WHAT IS SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY? “Man” in a state of nature is born free with certain rights To preserve these rights “man” forms government Government derives its power from the consent of the governed If government abuses power, “man” can over throw government

AIM: Why is the Enlightenment of the 1700s considered to be an “Age of Reason”? JOHN LOCKE Social contract theory Two Treatises on Civil Government (1689) Unalienable rights Life, liberty, and property

The state of nature has a law of nature to govern it, which obliges every one: and reason, which is that law, teaches all mankind, who will but consult it, that being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions… (and) when his own preservation comes not in competition, ought he, as much as he can, to preserve the rest of mankind, and may not, unless it be to do justice on an offender, take away, or impair the life, or what tends to the preservation of the life, the liberty, health, limb, or goods of another.

AIM: Why is the Enlightenment of the 1700s considered to be an “Age of Reason”? MONTESQUIEU Spirit of the Law Separation of powers Checks and balances

AIM: Why is the Enlightenment of the 1700s considered to be an “Age of Reason”? VOLTAIRE Defender of free-speech Candide “I may disagree with what you have to say but I’ll defend to the death your right to say it” Re-state in your own words ???

What is an unalienable right? Describe social contract theory. AIM: Why is the Enlightenment of the 1700s considered to be an “Age of Reason”? DO NOW: What is naturalism? What is rationalism? What is an unalienable right? Describe social contract theory. How did Montesquieu’s Spirit of the Law influence American government and politics? Why is Voltaire considered to be the great defender of free-speech?

AIM: Why is the Enlightenment of the 1700s considered to be an “Age of Reason”? ROUSSEAU Social Contract “Man is born free, yet every where he is in chains” Re-state in you own words ??? DIDEROT Encyclopedia

ENLIGHTENMENT SUMMARY What are the underlying principles of the Enlightenment? How was the Enlightenment similar to the Scientific Revolution that preceded it? Which Enlightenment philosopher is considered to be the greatest defender of free-speech? What type of government did Enlightenment philosophers want to bring about? In a well-developed paragraph, describe social contract theory?