Social Studies 30-1 - Key Issue To what extent should we embrace an ideology?

Related Issues To what extent should ideology be the foundation of identity? To what extent is resistance to liberalism justified? To what extent are the principles of liberalism viable? To what extent should my actions as a citizen be shaped by an ideology?

What is an IDEOLOGY? Ideology can be a key aspect of identity. Most ideologies end with an -ism Ideologies are a system of beliefs that we use to explain our view of the world. In politics, ideology refers to the ideas, principles and ethics that a political system is based on. Some ideologies focus on the role of the individual or collective in relation to society.

Individualism Individualism emphasize individual values such as independence, self- interest, competition, individual rights and freedoms, rule of law, private property, and economic freedom.

Collectivism Collectivism emphasizes collective or group values such as collective responsibility, collective interest, co- operation, economic equality, adherence to collective norms, and public property.

Are you an Individualist or Collectivist? Complete the questionnaire - Handout Grey Area Controversial issues often have no easy solution. Sometimes conflicts originate because individuals and societies are unable or unwilling to consider the grey area between two sides of an issue. After the terrorist attacks of 9/11, President George W. Bush said, “You’re either with us or against us in the fight against terror.” He saw the issue as black and white, but was there a grey area?

If my country needs me, should I sacrifice my life in a war? YES I am loyal to my country and I will fight to protect it. • There are rights my country grants me that I am willing to die for. • Sometimes military force is the only solution to a conflict. NO • Life is sacred and killing another human being is wrong. • Every thing can be talked through, even complex misunderstandings between countries. • Nothing is solved through violence. BUT?

Collectivism Individualism The group, or collective, is important and more valuable than a single individual. It is important to contribute to the group and to be like the group. The strength of the group relies on the contributions of everyone, and the individual may need to sacrifice. The entire group is responsible for its members’ actions. Co-operation is the best way to succeed. Individuals are important, and entitled to make decisions. The individual should take initiative and value personal achievements. The individual is responsible for his or her own welfare. Laws should protect individual rights. Private property and individual wealth are valued.

The Political Spectrum Ultra Left Ultra Right Radical Liberal Moderate Conservative Reactionary Left wing implies collectivism, economic equality and gov’t intervention Right wing implies individualism, economic liberty and laissez-faire gov’t

Radical – a political extremist – instant change Liberal – a person who favours reform, especially in government, economics, and religion and who prefers democratic forms of government in a constitutional state – rapid change Moderate – a political “middle-of-the-roader” who believes in compromise or balance - gradual change

Conservative – a philosophy that advocates institutions and traditional practices that have developed organically, thus emphasizing stability and continuity Reactionary – any political or social movement or ideology that seeks a return to a previous state - the status quo

“There are some aspects of our identities over which we have no control: our cultural background, gender, and family.” Why don’t we have control over these aspects?

What factors influence collective and individual beliefs and values What factors influence collective and individual beliefs and values? – p.31 Religion and Spirituality Gender Relationship to the land Environment Media Language and Ideology Family Culture Government