QQ: What is Earth like under the surface? Describe what you would find if you dug down deep. Would it be possible to dig through the center to China? Why or why not? Explain.

Don’t forget your reading!

Today’s Objective: I am curious about the make up of the Earth and its history.

Humans have always tried to find ways to explore the world around them Humans have always tried to find ways to explore the world around them. We’ve talked about the sky above us…now lets talk about the earth below us.

Jules Verne (1828 – 1905) France Playwright and lawyer Science Fiction Author Journey to the Center of the Earth Around the World in 80 Days 20,000 Leagues under the Sea

Journey to the center Of the Earth

QQ: What is the scientific question that the expedition is trying to answer? What is a major obstacle they have faced so far? What are they doing to counter it? Who do you relate to most and why?

4 Major Zones of Earth Crust Mantle Outer Core Inner Core Chemical properties Physical properties

Upper most part of earth’s shell Crust: Upper most part of earth’s shell Part we walk on Thin- 10 miles Hard

2 Kinds of Crust Continental * Of the land * 4 billion years old Oceanic * Of the ocean * 180 million years old (or less)

Asthenosphere Small layer beneath crust; the upper most part of the mantle Some melting Weak

Mantle: 82% of Earth’s volume Upper Mantle - hard and rocky Lower Mantle - rigid, hot, slow flow

Lithosphere Refers to the crust, asthenosphere, and the mantle.

OUTER CORE Molten Super hot Nickel and Iron

INNER CORE SOLID IRON AND NICKEL

Crust and Mantle

A Poster of the Layers of the Earth: Accurate Details about each layer Labels Neat & colorful Easy to read P. 233-7

Billy Joel: We Didn't Start the Fire

Plate Tectonics: We Didn't Start the Fire Either!

QQ: Match each property with the layer(s) of earth it describes. Solid Oceanic Iron and Nickel Averages 10 miles thick 82% of Earth Molten Extreme pressure Oldest crust Most dense Part of lithosphere

Tear it up!!!!!!!

The Rules: There must be exactly 7 pieces when you are finished No pieces can be discarded. No rectangular pieces.

Arguing theoretical point…. Explains Summarizes Repeatedly Tested No evidence to disprove it Can be proven wrong

Wegener’s Hypothesis 1915 by Alfred Wegener Continental Drift hypothesis Super-continent: Pangaea

The Evidence! Shorelines fit like a puzzle Erosion? Same fossils Land bridges

Mountain ranges fit Unrelated Climate: glacier movement Different climate zones

Large continents broke away from lighter, smaller ones Moved by gravity of moon Not supported by math Large continents broke away from lighter, smaller ones Still searched for a theory

Types of Energy Transfer

Radiation: Passes through space in electromagnetic waves. Conduction: Passes directly from one to another

Transfer of heat through movement of currents. Convection: Transfer of heat through movement of currents.

Energy Fueling the Earth

sit upon moving “plates” Plate Tectonics New & Improved Theory Continents and Oceans sit upon moving “plates”

What's the scariest career of all?