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Unit :- Diseases & Disorders

Subunit :- 1. Malaria:-

Malaria is caused by a protozoan parasite called plasmodium vivax. Transmission :- It occurs through bite of infected female Anopheles mosquito carrying plasmodium which lives in the red blood corpuscles of peripheral blood of infected person.

Plasmodium Falciparum Life Cycle :-

Periodic fever Headache Enlargement of spleen and varying degrees of anemia Symptoms Of Malaria:-

Stages Of Malaria:- Cold Stage – Sudden onset of fever with rigor i.e., sensation of chilling cold. Time: 15 minutes to 1 hour. Hot Stage – Body temperature rises to 40 C. Intense headache Time : 2 to 6 hours. Sweating Stage – Fever comes down Profuse sweating Time : 2 to 4 hours.

Treatment Of Malaria:- Anti-malarial drugs, Chloroquine, primaquine, meparine, paludrine, quinine are used in the treatment of malaria.

Preventive Measures of Malaria:- Destructive of breeding places of mosquitoes. Spraying kerosene oil, diesel or fuel oil over the surface of stagnant water, which kills mosquito larvae by suffocation. Biological control of mosquitoes using Gambusia fish. Use of mosquito nets, mosquito repellents, ect.

2. Leprosy:- Mycobacterium leprae which is a rod-shaped bacterium causes leprosy.

"A bacillus, Mycobacterium leprae, that multiplies very slowly and mainly affects the skin, nerves, and mucous membranes. The organism has never been grown in bacteriologic media or cell culture, but has been grown in mouse foot pads. “

Stages of Leprosy (Symptoms):- There are three stages of leprosy : First Stage – Appearances of a small patch on the skin, which has lass sensation.

Second Stage – Thick and wrinkled facial skin; swollen ears, nodules covering the whole skin. Fluid containing leprosy bacilli is continuously discharged

Third Stage – Fingers and toes become bent and ulcerated on the top, or drop and disappear altogether.

Preventive & Control Measures:- Disinfected the bedding of patients. Disinfected of patient’s discharges, clothes and dressings. Treatment with antibiotic medicines.

exercise 1)Which nerve is affected by Leprosy? 2)Which organism is caused Leprosy? 3)Where dose Malarial Parasite live? 4)Which biological agent is used to control malaria? 5)Which stage of Leprosy is very dangerous?

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