Click on one of the following icons to go to that resource. Chapter Resources Click on one of the following icons to go to that resource. glencoe.com Image Bank Foldables Video Clips and Animations Chapter Summary Chapter Review Questions Standardized Test Practice

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Image Bank Lancelets

Image Bank Animal Kingdom

Image Bank Wolf

Image Bank Gills

Image Bank Rockfish

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Foldables Vertebrates Make the following Foldable to help you organize your thoughts about vertebrate animals before you begin reading.

Foldables Collect three sheets of paper and layer them about 1.25 cm apart vertically. Keep the edges level.

Fold up the bottom edges of the paper to form 6 equal tabs. Foldables Fold up the bottom edges of the paper to form 6 equal tabs.

Foldables Fold the papers and crease well to hold the tabs in place. Staple along the fold. Label the flaps Vertebrates, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, and Mammals as shown.

Foldables Sequence Before you read the chapter, write what you know about each group under the tabs. As you read the chapter, add to or change the information you wrote under the tabs.

Video Clips

Reviewing Main Ideas 1 Chordate Animals All chordates, at some time in their development, have a notochord and gill slits. Endothermic animals maintain an internal body temperature. Ectothermic animals have body temperatures that change with the temperature of their surroundings. The three classes of fish are jawless, jawed cartilaginous, and bony. All fish are ectotherms.

Amphibians and Reptiles Reviewing Main Ideas 2 Amphibians and Reptiles Amphibians are ectothermic vertebrates that spend part of their lives in water and part on land. Most amphibians go through a metamorphosis, which includes water-living larva and land-living adult stages. Reptiles are ectothermic land animals that have dry, scaly skin. Most reptiles lay eggs with a leathery shell.

Reviewing Main Ideas 3 Birds Birds are endotherms with feathers, and they lay eggs enclosed in hard shells. Wings, feathers, and a light, strong skeleton are adaptations that allow birds to fly.

Reviewing Main Ideas 4 Mammals Mammals are endotherms that have mammary glands. All mammals have some hair. Mammals have specialized teeth that mostly determine what foods they eat.

Reviewing Main Ideas 4 Mammals There are three groups of mammals. Monotremes lay eggs. Most marsupials have pouches in which embryos develop. Placentals have a placenta, and the embryos develop within the female’s uterus. Mammals have a variety of adaptations that allow them to live in different types of environments.

Question 1 Which is NOT a characteristic of all chordates? Chapter Review Question 1 Which is NOT a characteristic of all chordates? A. nerve cord B. notochord C. gills D. pharyngeal pouches LE 1.1h

Chapter Review Answer The answer is C. All chordates have a nerve cord, notochord, and pharyngeal pouches at some time during their development.

Chapter Review Question 2 Which structure helps a fish control the depth at which they swim? LE 5.1a

Chapter Review A. brain B. gills C. liver D. swim bladder LE 5.1a

Chapter Review Answer The correct answer is D. The swim bladder inflates and deflates as gases move between the swim bladder and the blood.

Chapter Review Question 3 Which structure is responsible for the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen? LE 5.1a

Chapter Review A. brain B. gills C. mouth D. scales LE 5.1a

Chapter Review Answer The answer is B. Water containing oxygen flows over the gills. When blood is pumped into the gills, the oxygen moves into the blood while carbon dioxide moves out of the blood and into the water.

Question 4 Which carries their young in a pouch? A. marsupials Chapter Review Question 4 Which carries their young in a pouch? A. marsupials B. monotremes C. omnivores D. placentals LE 4.3d

Chapter Review Answer The answer is A. Most marsupials give birth to young which are not fully developed. The young crawl and attach to a nipple and are carried in a pouch.

Chapter Review Question 5 The three groups of mammals are _______, _______ and _______. Answer The answer is monotremes, marsupials and placentals. These three groups are based on how the mammal’s embryo develops. LE 1.1h

Standardized Test Practice Question 1 Which group is the smallest, and lays eggs instead of giving birth to live young? A. marsupials B. monotremes C. omnivores D. placentals LE 4.3d

Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is B. The mammary glands of monotremes lack nipples. Instead, the milk seeps through the skin onto their fur where the young lick the milk from the fur.

Question 2 Which number corresponds with the omnivore? Standardized Test Practice Question 2 Which number corresponds with the omnivore? LE 5.1e

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. none are omnivores Standardized Test Practice LE 5.1e

Answer The answer is B. Humans eat plants and animals. Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is B. Humans eat plants and animals.

Question 3 Which number corresponds with an animal that eats meat? Standardized Test Practice Question 3 Which number corresponds with an animal that eats meat? LE 5.1e

Standardized Test Practice B. 2 C. 3 D. none of these LE 5.1e

Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is A. Mountain lions are carnivores. They have sharp canines that are used to rip and tear flesh.

Question 4 This diagram best illustrates how _______ are classified. Standardized Test Practice Question 4 This diagram best illustrates how _______ are classified. LE 1.1h

A. amphibians B. chordates C. invertebrates D. vertebrates Standardized Test Practice A. amphibians B. chordates C. invertebrates D. vertebrates LE 1.1h

Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is D. Vertebrates are the largest group of chordates.

Question 5 Which is an example of an endotherm? A. amphibian B. fish Standardized Test Practice Question 5 Which is an example of an endotherm? A. amphibian B. fish C. human D. snake LE 5.1a

Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is C. A human’s body temperature doesn’t change with the surrounding temperature.

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