Atoms are the smallest form of elements Essential Question What is inside of an Atom? Learning Goal: I will be able to describe the atomic structure of an atom. 4 3 2 1 Student can describe an atom as the smallest piece of matter. Describe all atomic structures of an atom and how that structure determines an elements identity. Student can describe an atom as the smallest piece of matter. Describe all atomic structures of an atom. Student can describe an atom as the smallest piece of matter. Describe one atomic structure of the center of an atom. Student can describe an atom as the smallest piece of matter.

AFTER QUIZ INSTRUCTIONS: MAKE SURE YOU ANSWERED ALL QUESTIONS on the Quiz Place FACE DOWN IN TURN IN BASKET Return to table, get out notebook and Periodic Table IF you did NOT finish the blue sheet or cross word (H.W. from Tuesday & Friday, get it out and quietly start working on completing it) If you have colored pencils get them out If you did not bring colored pencils, get RED, ORANGE, YELLOW, DARK BLUE, LIGHT BLUE, PURPLE AND GREEN from front counter (only take 1 green per table) DO NOT TALK UNTIL ALL QUIZZES HAVE BEEN TURNED IN YOU TALK YOU CHOOSE TO GO TO ISI © KeslerScience.com

The Periodic Table Periodic Occurring or Recurring at Regular Intervals Elements are Arranged in Many Ways on the Periodic Table Similar Properties Reactivity Atomic Size Density Etc…

The Periodic Table…Continued Size of Atoms Decreases from LEFT to RIGHT and Increases from TOP to BOTTOM Largest: Cesium Smallest: Helium Density Increases from TOP to BOTTOM Increases from the OUTSIDE INWARD Hydrogen: 0.00009 g/cm3 Osmium: 22.57 g/cm3

Chapter 1 Vocabulary Group – A vertical column in the periodic table of the elements. Elements in a group have similar properties. Period – A horizontal row in the periodic table of the elements. Elements in a period have varying properties. Reactive – Likely to undergo a chemical change Metal – An element that tends to be shiny, easily shaped, and a good conductor of electricity and heat Nonmetal – An element that is not a metal and has properties generally opposite those of a metal.

Chapter 1 Vocabulary Metalloid – An element that has properties of both metals and nonmetals. Radioactivity – The process by which the nucleus of an atom of an element releases energy and particles Half-life – The amount of time it takes for half of the nuclei of a radioactive isotope to decay into atoms of another element

Groups and Periods Alkali Metals Very reactive metals that do not occur freely in nature Malleable, ductile, good conductors of heat and electricity, solids at room temperature Have low densities and low melting points Softer than most other metals Can explode if they are exposed to water Used to produce chemicals, metals, soap, glass, ceramics, and petroleum products

Groups and Periods Alkaline Earth Metals Metals Very Reactive (give up 2 electrons during reactions) Never found free in nature

Groups and Periods Transition Metals ductile and malleable, and conduct electricity and heat iron, cobalt, and nickel, are the only elements known to produce a magnetic field Used in jewelry, industry (copper, steel, iron), technology, light bulbs, and in the food we eat Less reactive than most metals

Groups and Periods Other Metals are ductile and malleable are solid, have a relatively high density, and are opaque

Groups and Periods Metalloids Have properties of both metals and non-metals Appearance will vary Some of the metalloids, such as silicon and germanium, are semi-conductors. This means that they can carry an electrical charge under special conditions. This property makes metalloids useful in computers and calculators. Conduct better than nonmetals but not as well as metals NOTE: any element above 92 is too unstable to occur in nature and must be done in a lab, scientist were able to predict existence of elements (neon and germanium before they were even discovered

Groups and Periods Nonmetals not able to conduct electricity or heat very well exist in two of the three states of matter at room temperature: gases (such as oxygen) and solids (such as carbon). very brittle, and cannot be rolled into wires or pounded into sheets have no metallic luster, and do not reflect light.

Groups and Periods Halogens halogen" means "salt-former" and compounds containing halogens are called "salts" Very reactive nonmetals that form salts when combined with many metals Very reactive; often bond with elements from group one. Used to kill harmful micro-organisms in hospitals, to purify drinking water, and prevent growth of algae in swimming pools. exists in all three states Solid- Iodine, Astatine Liquid- Bromine Gas- Fluorine, Chlorine

Groups and Periods Noble Gases Exist as gases, non-metals 8 electrons on outer shell= full Not reactive with other elements.

Groups and Periods Rare Earth Metals The Rare Earth Metals are typically silver, silvery-white, or gray metals. Good conductors of electricity 2 Subgroups Lanthanide Series: many forms, some with magnetic properties Actinide Series All are radioactive