High Altitude Physiology

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Presentation transcript:

High Altitude Physiology

Why study altitude physiology? Learn more by studying extremes Relate adaptations to altitude to adaptations in endurance training Appreciate constraints within which life exists Appreciate the extremes to which humans can push themselves Appreciate the forces that drive organisms to occupy all possible niches

Altitude vs. Pressure Higher altitude – lower barometric pressure Lower pressure – lower PO2 ALSO Lower temp Higher wind Dramatic changes in weather Limited mobility (rough terrain)

Hypoxia (unacclimatized person) 23,000 ft (7010 meters) Coma 18,000 ft (5486 meters) Twitching (seizures) 12,000 ft (3658 meters) Drowsiness & Lassitude Mental and Muscle fatigue Headache, Nausia, Euphoria (sometimes)

Acute Mountain Sickness HACE (high altitude cerebral edema) HAPE (high altitude pulmonary edema)

Highest altitude breathing pure oxygen Highest altitude where acclimatized can survive (for a few hours) Highest permanent human settlement Unacclimated pass out

Acclimatization (physiological or behavioral adustments) Inc. ventilation Kidney Compensation Inc. lung diffusion Inc. Hematocrit Inc. Vascularity Inc. tissue utilization of O2

Humans Born at Altitude Individuals from cultures that have lived at altitudes for many generations demonstrate adaptations, to altitude. These adaptations vary from culture to culture. (N.B. don’t confuse adaptations with acclimatization) Inc. Chest size Dec. body size Inc. heart size (esp. right) Inc. Hematocrit Inc. cell use of O2

Morococha vs. Lima Peru miles apart but 4500 vs. 0 meters in altitude

low altitude (Lima) vs. high alt. (Morococha) Oxygen Levels low altitude (Lima) vs. high alt. (Morococha) Oxygen moves “downhill”

Andean Altiplano – inc. concentration of Hb Tibetan Plateau – inc Andean Altiplano – inc. concentration of Hb Tibetan Plateau – inc. ventilation; inc. blood flow Ethiopian Highlands - ?????