Integumentary, Immune and DEFENSE Integumentary, Immune and Lymphatic Systems

Immune System: Body’s _____________against __________ (disease causing agents) Recognizes, _______, destroys and “remembers” each type of pathogen that enters the body main defense pathogens attacks

Immune System: ____________of an organism to __________, ___________or other unwanted biological invasion (__________)—this process is called ____________ Resistance infection disease pathogens immunity

Defense Mechanisms Skin ________- keeps pathogens out of body--pathogens can only enter and multiply where skin is ___________ Broken

Defense Mechanisms Mucus, saliva, tears, oil and sweat contain chemicals that kill bacteria Mucus in throat traps pathogens Acid and digestive enzymes in stomach destroy pathogens

If pathogens do enter body they _____________ and _______________ ______________—millions of _____________ are produced to engulf and destroy pathogens (pus and swelling) multiply quickly release toxins Inflammation white blood cells

Body produces _________that cause ______—increased body temperature slows down or stops _________of ____________ ______________—identifying molecule on the ___________of pathogens (specific) that induce a specific immune response chemicals fever growth bacteria Antigens surface

Types of White Blood Cells: _______ and _______ recognize specific antigens and respond to them in order to ___________ the pathogen B Cells T cells destroy

_____________are ________ carried in the bloodstream that are produced to recognize and bind to specific antigens in order to ______________. Antibodies are produced by B Cells. Antibodies proteins stop infections

weakened form Injection of a _______________ of a pathogen to __________ __________is known as a _________ (vaccine) produce immunity vaccination

Vaccines produce Memory T and B cells, which can quickly attack antigens they have already seen.

H.I.V. Human Immunodeficiency Virus H.I.V. is the virus that causes __________, or acquired immune deficiency syndrome. It attacks a special T cell known as a __________ cell. A.I.D.S. Helper T

Penicillin and other ___________ can also be used to help the immune system, but it is important that you understand that antibiotics only kill _________! antibiotics bacteria They will NOT help if you are sick with a _____ because viruses are not cells! virus

The lymphatic system plays a critical role in the _________ system by producing, storing, and circulating white blood cells immune

The lymphatic system collects fluid lost by the blood and returns it to the circulatory system

● Network of vessels and associated organs ● _________ – fluid in lymph vessels ● lymph vessels – move the lymph throughout the body ● ____________ -- act as filters to trap bacteria and other organisms that cause disease lymph Lymph nodes

● Tonsils, thymus and spleen are all composed of lymphoid tissue ● ________– filter and destroy bacteria ● ________– produces hormones that aid in maturation of white blood cells ● ________– removes worn-out red blood cells, platelets, bacteria from the blood tonsils thymus spleen

When bacteria and other pathogens travel through the lymph nodes, they are attacked by white blood cells. This causes the lymph nodes to ______. This is why doctors feel the lymph nodes in your neck and abdomen when you are sick. If these are swollen, it is a sign that you have an infection in that area. swell

Evolutionary Trends of Lymph & Immune Systems Simple Complex Animal Taxon Invertebrates Fish Mammals Adaptations Cells recognize peptidoglycan, a substance found in the cell walls of bacteria, and destroy the bacteria Thymus makes T lymphocytes and B cells Body produces antibodies specific to certain pathogens   Examples bees, flies Birds

Lymph & Immune System Levels of Organization Lymph nodes, bone marrow Spleen, Liver Lymph and Immune White Blood Cells, B-cells, T-cells, macrophages

Interactions with other Body Systems Skin of the integumentary system is the first line of defense of the immune system. The circulatory system transports immune cells around the body. It also helps control body fluids with the lymphatic system. The excretory system excretes excess fluids and pathogens. Bones of the skeletal system produce lymphocytes and macrophages.