English for Academic Communication Note Making 22 February 2011 English for Academic Communication

Note Making - Preparation Reading skills involved: Making notes of the important ideas, concepts and points in the reading text Why? To help us to have better understanding of the content of the reading material English for Academic Communication

English for Academic Communication Guidelines to Follow Check the pattern of the organisation of the reading text and use signal words as cue. Use note-making methods such as underlining, highlighting, circling, or boxing to identify main points. Transform main points from linear text to a non linear text using diagram, outline, table or flowchart presentations. English for Academic Communication

Guidelines to follow when making notes Check the pattern of the organisation of the reading text and use signal words as cue. Listing Classification Sequencing Comparison-Contrast Cause-Effect English for Academic Communication

Guidelines to follow when making notes Listing Making a list of things that are related to subject matter For example: Long Island Resort Tent and cooking facilities Clean bathroom and toilet Trekking, snorkeling, canoeing and fishing Group tour to shell handicraft centre English for Academic Communication

Guidelines to follow when making notes Classification Placing things in categories according to specific or similar characteristics or functions For example: Positive Comparative Superlative Good Better Best Bad Worse Worst Much More Most English for Academic Communication

Guidelines to follow when making notes Sequencing Putting process, or events in order of occurrences For example: Firstly, put a teabag or tea powder into a cup of boiling water. Secondly, leave it for a few minutes to infuse it perfectly. Next, add sugar. Finally, stir it and the tea is now ready to drink. English for Academic Communication

Guidelines to follow when making notes Comparison – Contrast Making comparison by examining how things are similar and different, or showing contrast by looking at the differences between them. For example: Proton Inspira Mitsubishi Lancer Compare Same design Contrast Made in Malaysia Made in Japan Cheap Expensive English for Academic Communication

Guidelines to follow when making notes Cause and Effect Showing how things (effects) happen or come into being because of other things that cause them to happen (causes). For example: Scientists believe that that increasing number of flood disasters may be due to human activities. English for Academic Communication

Possible Note Making Example Some people do things without realizing the consequences of their deeds. For instance, squatters who live along the river banks, simply throw their rubbish into the rivers. Because of this, the rivers are clogged with rubbish. When it rains heavily, they will burst their banks, thus causing flood in the surrounding area. Illegal loggers too discriminately cut trees to produce paper. Due to their act, there are less trees to absorb carbon dioxide in the air. A large amount of carbon dioxide traps heat, therefore causes the globe to become warmer, raising the water level, and in the end this leads to flooding. English for Academic Communication

Sequence Signals (to show order or ideas) first before next firstly second after then until English for Academic Communication 11

Comparison-Contrast Signals (to show comparison between A & B) More than different from Despite/in spite of however alike But unless also Otherwise likewise yet Nevertheless on the other hand same/similar although both English for Academic Communication 12

Cause and Effect Signals (to show reason and the outcomes) because thus therefore since as a result consequently due to so this leads to in the end causes hence English for Academic Communication 13

Continuation Signals (to show additional or more ideas) another reason in addition moreover besides that furthermore on top of that English for Academic Communication 14

Illustration Signals (to show what it means in reality) a major development important to note a key feature especially relevant the central issue a significant outcome above all the most substantial issue English for Academic Communication 15

Conclusion Signals (to show an ending/conclusion) in conclusion in brief as a conclusion in a nutshell finally in summary last of all lastly English for Academic Communication 16

English for Academic Communication Class Activity Based on the text given in slide 16, transform the main points from a linear text to a non-linear text using diagram, outline, table or flowchart presentation. English for Academic Communication