Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci ;44(9): doi: /iovs Figure Legend:

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From: Early Glial Cell Reactivity in Experimental Retinal Detachment: Effect of Suramin Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.. 2003;44(9):4114-4122. doi:10.1167/iovs.03-0183 Figure Legend: Experimental retinal detachment caused upregulation of calcium responses on extracellular ATP application in Müller cell end feet of retinal wholemounts. Confocal images were recorded by laser scanning microscopy at the vitread surface of retinal wholemounts (i.e., in the nerve fiber and ganglion cell layers. The images show neuronal somata (dark circular shape), dye-filled axon bundles, and end feet of Müller cells. (A) In a control retina, only a few end feet responded to application of ATP with a transient increase of the intracellular free calcium. (B) In a retina detached for 72 hours, significantly more end feet showed a calcium response on ATP. The images in (A) and (B) were recorded at the peak calcium responses (arrows below traces). Scale bar, 50 μm. Traces: time-dependent changes of the fluorescence emission at selected regions indicated in (A) and (B) by arrows (Müller cell end feet that showed calcium responses, solid lines) and arrowheads (neuronal somata that did not respond, broken lines), respectively. (C) Mean (±SEM) number of Müller cell end feet that showed calcium responses to ATP (200 μM), in dependence on the duration of the detachment. The number of responding end feet is expressed as a percentage of all end feet investigated (100%). The number of wholemounts investigated at each time point appears in parentheses. The saline and sodium hyaluronate (Healon; Pharmacia & Upjohn) controls were measured at 48 hours after application of 100 μL saline or sodium hyaluronate to the vitreal surface of undetached retinas. PPADS (10 mM in 100 μL saline) or suramin (5 mM in 100 μL saline) were applied to the subretinal space and the vitreous body near the detached retina at the time of surgery. Significant differences versus control: •P < 0.05 ••P < 0.01. Date of download: 11/7/2017 The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Copyright © 2017. All rights reserved.