Ferns
Alternation of generations Zygote created from egg & sperm
Alternation of generations Zygote divides by mitosis to create adult sporophyte
Alternation of generations Haploid spores created by meiosis
Alternation of generations Haploid spores released into air
Alternation of generations Spore grows into male or female gametophyte Female gametophyte creates eggs Male gametophyte creates sperm
Alternation of generations Sperm & egg create diploid zygote
Alternation of generations Cycle repeats
Group 2: Seedless, Vascular Plants Evolutionary Advancement: Vascular system allows nutrient transport to greater heights Moist environments Swimming sperm Structure: Rhizoids = primitive roots Leaves = fronds Categories: Club mosses Horsetails Ferns glucose water
Fern Life Cycle Sporophyte phase Dominant stage; Diploid See appendix B in your text book
Fern Life Cycle Sporophyte phase Dominant stage; Diploid Fronds house sori Fiddlehead Frond Fiddlehead uncurling See appendix B in your text book
Fern Life Cycle Sporophyte phase Dominant stage; Diploid Fronds house sori Sorus = Cluster of sporangia See appendix B in your text book
Fern Life Cycle Sporophyte phase Dominant stage; Diploid Fronds house sori Sorus = Cluster of sporangia Sporangia make spores Spores created by meiosis Spores released into air See appendix B in your text book
Fern Life Cycle Sporophyte phase Dominant stage; Diploid Fronds house sori Sorus = Cluster of sporangia Sporangia make spores Spores created by meiosis Spores released into air Sporangia act like catapults See appendix B in your text book
Fern Life Cycle Sporophyte phase Dominant stage; Diploid Fronds house sori Sorus = Cluster of sporangia Sporangia make spores Spores created by meiosis Spores released into air Sporangia act like catapults See appendix B in your text book
Fern Life Cycle Sporophyte phase Gametophyte phase Dominant stage; Diploid Fronds house sori Sorus = Cluster of sporangia Sporangia make spores Spores created by meiosis Spores released into air Gametophyte phase spore grows into prothallus See appendix B in your text book
Fern Life Cycle Sporophyte phase Gametophyte phase Dominant stage; Diploid Fronds house sori Sorus = Cluster of sporangia Sporangia make spores Spores created by meiosis Spores released into air Gametophyte phase spore grows into prothallus Prothallus contains: Archegonium: produces female egg Antheridium: produces male sperm Sperm swims to fertilize the egg See appendix B in your text book
Fern Life Cycle Sporophyte phase Gametophyte phase Dominant stage; Diploid Fronds house sori Sorus = Cluster of sporangia Sporangia make spores Spores created by meiosis Spores released into air Gametophyte phase spore grows into prothallus Prothallus contains: Archegonium: produces female egg Antheridium: produces male sperm Sperm swims to fertilize the egg Zygote restarts sporophyte See appendix B in your text book
. . . . Spores are released from the sori on the back-side of fronds Adult Sporophyte (diploid) ground
2) Haploid spores land in the soil . . ground
. . 3) From the haploid spores, the prothallus (gametophyte) grows Let’s zoom in ground . .
4) Sperm swim through water from the antheridium to the archegonia Let’s zoom back out zygote
5) Diploid sporophyte grows from the prothallus -- prothallus eventually dies ground
. . . . 6) Fiddlehead uncurls into a fronds 7) Cycle repeats -- Sporangia creates spores to be released . . . . ground
Place the steps of the fern life cycle in order, from the step started for you: __ 1 ___ Spores land on soil. _______ Sporophyte releases spores. _______ Through water, sperm swim from antheridium to archegonium on prothallus. _______ Prothallus grows. _______ Fertilization occurs. _______ Diploid sporophyte begins to grow.