CE 401 – CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT BIM in Construction L-1

BIM : Change is on the Horizon

What is BIM? Promise of BIM Current State Barriers Next Steps Agenda Integrating FM technologies and facilities data over the life of a facility still remains elusive today. Add to this the amount of redundant data and lack of standardization of data maintained in facilities IT systems, and one can easily become frustrated with FM technologies. Without question two of the most challenging IT issues facing facility managers are lack of strategic planning for optimizing the use of FM technologies and the standardization of data over the life of the facility. The future may be in the implementation of building information models (BIM).

What exactly is “BIM”? Building Information Modeling Perhaps one of the most misused terms in the industry Contains graphical as well other types of information That information can be either graphical or non-graphical, either contained directly in the building model or accessible from the building model through linked data that is stored elsewhere.

NBIMS Vision and Mission Improve the performance of facilities over their full lifecycle by fostering a common, standard, and integrated lifecycle information model from the Architect, Engineering, Construction (AEC) and Facility Management industry. The NBIMS-US Project Committee (the National Building Information Model Standard Project Committee - United States), is a project committee of the buildingSMART alliance which is a council of the National Institute for Building Sciences (NIBS). Originally chartered in 2005 under the Facility Information Council (FIC) the NBIMS Committee was re-chartered as an Alliance project in 2008 in order to consolidate missions and streamline services. From 1992 to 2008 the FIC mission was to "improve the performance of facilities over their full life-cycle by fostering common and open standards and an integrated life-cycle information model for the A/E/C & FM industry." Although FIC was sunsetted in 2008 its mission continues under the governance of the Alliance. The NBIMS-US Project Committee continues this tradition by knitting together the broadest and deepest constituency ever assembled for the purpose of establishing and managing through an Industry consensus process a series of open source National standards and guidance for all aspects of Building Information Modeling. The NBIMS Charter (PDF) spells out the Committee's vision and describes the results NBIMS-US expects to achieve. This information model will allow for the free flow of graphic and non-graphic information among all parties to the process of creating and sustaining the built environment.

NBIMS Vision and Mission An improved planning, design, construction, operation, and maintenance process using a standardized machine-readable information model for each facility, new or old, which contains all appropriate information created or gathered about that facility in a format useable throughout its lifecycle by all. A basic premise of BIM is collaboration by different stakeholders at different phases of the life cycle of a facility to insert, extract, update or modify information in the BIM process to support and reflect the roles of that stakeholder. The BIM is a shared digital representation founded on open standards for interoperability.

Key Distinctions Building Information Model – A digital representation of physical and functional characteristics of a facility.  As such it serves as a shared knowledge resource for information about a facility forming a reliable basis for decisions during its life-cycle from inception onward. Building Information Modeling – How one uses the information model to support collaboration by different stakeholders at different phases of the life cycle of a facility to insert, extract, update or modify information in the BIM process to support and reflect the roles of that stakeholder. 8

Facility Lifecycle View Courtesy of Kurt Maldovan – Jacobs 9

Support All Stakeholders in Facility Lifecycle Planning Design Construction Operations Sustainment BOD CEO CFO CIO Legal Conts Personnel Occupant Space Mgr Portfolio Graphics Comm. Security Network Fac Mgr MSDS Mgr Owners Rep Hand Off Team Ops Eng External Design & Facilities Owner Construction Geospatial Environ Planner Civil Architect Engineers Contractor Subs Banker Realtor Appraiser Risk / Ins Special Sup Manuf. Inspector Maint. Ctr. Remodel Responders Photo courtesy of Dennis R. Shelden, Ph.D., Chief Technology Officer, Gehry Technologies. The picture is of the Disney Conference Hall, designed by Frank Gehry. 10

IFC + IFD product model Laws and regulations Modelling software VRML -Building regulations -Building specifications Modelling software -Drawings, calculations -Architect, engineer,… VRML -Visualisation, 3D models Knowledge databases -Best practice knowledge -Own practice IFC + IFD product model Simulations -Comfort -Ventilation, heating -Light / day lighting -Energy use -Insulation -Fire, usage -Environment -Life time predictions Acoustics Indoor air quality Briefing -Functional req. -Estimates -Conditions -Requirements Demolition, refurbishment -Rebuild -Demolition -Restoration Facility management -Letting, sale, operations -Maintenance -Guaranties A BIM is a wonderful opportunity to have all the information about a facility essentially in one place. This is something we really have never known. Imagine the value of a tool that anyone who requires information about a facility or a group of facilities can tap in a single location. IFC= Industry Foundation Classes IFD= International Framework for Dictionaries Specifications -Specification sheets -Classification standards- Construction management -Scheduling -Lean Construction -Logistics, 4D Costing -Initial Costs -Life-cycle costs -Value engineering -Sustainability analysis Procurement -Product databases -Price databases Image courtesy Deke Smith – buildingSMART Initiative

IFC Model Relationships 12

Agenda What is BIM? Promise of BIM Current State Barriers Next Steps

BIM The Promise of BIM BETTER FASTER CHEAPER Better – Higher quality buildings, more sustainable, proven through models (iteration/experimentation) Faster - FASTER CHEAPER

The Promise of BIM

The Promise of BIM Owner and Occupant Designer and Contractor Be able to walk into an electronic model and know what they are getting Be able to glean more information from the Model than from the facility itself Designer and Contractor Be able to simulate and visualize Be able to identify problems before they are physical Asset Manager Be able to visually identify issues and focus on true problems Be able to continuously commission and determine performance Get top dollar for re-sale by validating performance 16

The Promise of BIM Benefits Better visualization Improved productivity Elimination of conflicts Faster delivery times Automated shop drawings Enhanced material fabrication Reduced data collection Higher quality buildings w/ better operating capabilities Benefits Better visualization of product by owner Improved productivity Elimination of conflicts, RFI’s and change orders Significantly faster delivery times Elimination of construction drawings and going to shop drawings Numerical controls passed directly from the model to fabrication Data collected during design & construction used for operations, sustainment and contingency planning Higher quality buildings w/ better operating capabilities

Information Exchange Losses Management support information should be: Collected continuously throughout facility life-cycle (created once) Managed uniformly in standard framework Securely available 24x7 Information Value Time Value of Improvements To-Be Minimized data loss Maximized information value As-Is Continuous data loss Value of information reduced This cost model shows the current (as-is) conditions with loss of information between each stage of construction due to lack of interoperability. The next build shows the potential curve if information is retained between phases. The area between the curves shows the savings – estimated by NIST at $15.8B annually (National Institute of Standards and Technology Planning Construction Design Operation Image courtesy Deke Smith – buildingSMART Initiative

Agenda What is BIM? Promise of BIM Current State Barriers Next Steps

The State of BIM Architects and Contractors are using BIM, however information is not yet flowing as the holistic vision has not been realized While attending various FM-related trade conferences, I asked a number of CAFM/CMMS vendors about integration with BIM. The standard answer was “huh?” 74% of Architects Use Some Level of 3D Digital Modeling NIBS - Results of AIA LFRT Survey

Standard: NBIMS V1 P1 Delivered Dec 27, 2007 International Core (ISO 16739) National Specific OmniClass Information Exchange Concepts Standard Development Process Information Assurance Capability Maturity Model References and Appendices Over 30 contributors 22

Enhanced Asset Management Current Applications 3-D & 4-D Modeling There are many examples of BIMs being implemented in design and during construction. Even some as planning for facility asset management primarily in the government sector. To date, however, there is little transfer of information between the traditional facility industry stovepipes where we are essentially only creating cylinders of excellence. The BIM Standard is intended to provide the framework and foundation to encourage the flow of information and interoperability between all phases of a facility’s life from inception through disposal. Enhanced Asset Management

Clash Detection Improvement A far better way to reconcile clashes How most currently reconcile clashes Courtesy of Jim Bedrick Webcor Builders 24

Comparative Clash Detection Using BIM Courtesy of Jim Bedrick Webcor Builders 25

Automated Code/Model Checking (Spell Check for Designers) Solibri Model Checker

International Code Council - SMARTcodes 27

Construction Sequencing The Flint project is a 442,000 sq. ft. addition to a Global V6 engine plant for General Motors. GHAFARI was the A/E of record and the BIM integrator for the design/build team, working in collaboration with the lead contractor, The Ideal Contracting Inc. They were presented with the challenge to design and deliver this manufacturing facility under an extremely fast-tracked schedule of less than 40 weeks, while keeping the costs under control and maintaining the highest standards of quality and safety during construction. A comparable fast track design/bid/build could have required approximately 60 weeks from design to project closeout, while a fast track conventional design/build approach would have required approximately 50 weeks. To meet the schedule and cost requirements, one of the most critical requirements was that of ordering the 4500 tons of steel from the mill in less than 3 weeks from the start of design, as opposed to the normal time frame of 8-14 weeks. If the steel mill order could not be issued within the required 3 weeks, the mill rolling cycle would have been missed and the team would have been forced to order steel from the warehouses, significantly increasing cost.

Construction - Steel Fabrication The entire design was fully coordinated using the 3D models, after which the 2D documentation was extracted from them. Both the fully coordinated 3D models and the associated 2D documents were then released to the sub-contractors, who used the 3D models to produce installation drawings and, in some cases, to also drive their fabrication equipment. Even after the ownership of the models was transitioned to the sub-contractors and detailers, the design team continued to review the install level models with the sub-contractors until all issues were resolved prior to construction. Because of this process and the commitment from the installing contractors to build-to-the-model, there were zero changes due to design conflicts during the construction of the project.

Lighting Analysis 10:00 AM 10:00 PM

Air Flow Analysis

Physical Security Assessment Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design coupled with Response Enhancing Design Simulates Blast Effects

Emergency Response Using BIM 33

BIM & LEED Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Validating LEED projects through commissioning and operations Version 3.0 requires more detailed information Provide feedback loop to improve process Design Assumptions and analysis Design Testing and Validation Construction Comparison – If not equal then root cause analysis of difference and correction of assumptions and analysis tools 34

BIM Case Studies The Beijing National Swimming Centre The Sydney Opera House Loblolly House The Beijing National Swimming Centre 2005 - ARUP Lucas Films School of Cinematic Arts The Denver Art Museum

Lucas Films - School of Cinematic Arts 36

Lucas Films - School of Cinematic Arts The donor’s vision for the building: Architectural function and aesthetics are the highest priority. The building should exist for the next 100 years. All design should be coordinated through the use of a “3D” model. At completion, USC will have a fully integrated BIM model. 37

Letterman Digital Arts Center “Despite numerous design layout changes that were required by Lucas Film Ltd. due to company restructuring, the LDAC project was completed on time and below the estimated budget….over two hundred design and construction conflicts were identified, most of which were corrected before construction, resulting in an estimated savings of over $10 million on this $350 million project.” Courtesy of AECbytes "Building the Future" Article (September 30, 2006) Building Owners Driving BIM: The "Letterman Digital Arts Center" StoryMieczyslaw (Mitch) Boryslawski, Associate AIA Founder, View By View, Inc. 38

Parking Garage

Courtesy of Dale Davis, Associate AIA and LEED ap, Jtec HCM, Inc. Strong Business Case Courtesy of Dale Davis, Associate AIA and LEED ap, Jtec HCM, Inc. “On a recent hospital job the first phase was done in 2D and the follow-on phases were done in 3D – We had an 18% improvement in productivity in the follow-on phases.” -- Matt Cramer – Dee Cramer Sheet Metal Courtesy Bob Knochenhauer, McCarthy 40

A 3-D PERSPECTIVE

A REVIT Perspective

FFKR MUSEUM OF NATURAL CURIOSITY AT THANKSGIVING POINT

Agenda What is BIM? Promise of BIM Current State Barriers Next Steps

Barriers – What’s Holding Us Back? Highly fragmented A/E/C community Legal and financial climate Change processes and workflow Lack of Interoperability Low investment in IT Additional staff training Where an architect sees walls, a structural engineer may see columns, a mechanical engineer may see thermal zones, an electrical engineer sees outlet locations, and an operator sees functional area barriers. Highly fragmented A/E/C community – Disjointed information sharing among professionals (A/E/C/O), tasks (design, const, operating), and software (design, analysis, specification, operation and management). Legal and financial climate – Restructuring of the financial and legal framework. A/Es build models that benefit others should they be compensated? Boundaries of data ownership and lines of responsibility. Who is liable for problems resulting from a shared database? Change processes and workflow – Firms must change design processes and workflow to effectively share data. Lack of Interoperability – Topping the list of technological barriers is the lack of interoperability between today’s design, construction, and operational software. Centralized versus decentralized data storage. Need for the separation between data and applications. Today data tends to be integrated with the software. Low investment in IT – Relative to the auto and aeronautical industries, a fraction of the investment in IT. Auto/Aeor – 6x investment – more of a lifecycle view and fewer small firms. Additional staff training – May require weeks of intensive training. Consider business overlaps.

What is BIM? Promise of BIM Current State Barriers Next Steps Agenda Integrating FM technologies and facilities data over the life of a facility still remains elusive today. Add to this the amount of redundant data and lack of standardization of data maintained in facilities IT systems, and one can easily become frustrated with FM technologies. Without question two of the most challenging IT issues facing facility managers are lack of strategic planning for optimizing the use of FM technologies and the standardization of data over the life of the facility. The future may be in the implementation of building information models (BIM).

Phases of Implementation What’s Next? Phases of Implementation Visualization Integration Automation CIFE – Center for Integrated Facilities Engineering Visualization – Simplest. 3D models to make renderings and other modes of presentation for a project. No intelligence. Help non-technical stakeholders make informed design-related decisions. Integration – Using intelligent models to share information. Reducing the need for additional data entry. Requires more software and broader knowledge of data sharing. Automation – Data from design goes directly into the analysis tools and machines of material fabricators. Current tasks that take days can now be done in minutes.

What’s Next: BIM Part of Doing Business Product Selection Analysis Ordering & Invoicing Maintain COBie A key element is being able to change business processes to take advantage of the opportunity. Some of these business and culture changes will be profound and potentially disruptive. CONSTRUCTION OPERATIONS BUILDING information exchange The COBie approach is to enter the data as it is created during design, construction, and commissioning, see Figure 1. Designers provide floor, space, and equipment layouts. Contractors provide make, model, and serial numbers of installed equipment. Much of the data provided by contractors comes directly from product manufacturers who can also participate in COBie. Close Work Order When Model is Updated 48