Chapter 10, Global Social Change The Nature of Social Change Two Forces of Social Change Social Change in Everyday Life Models of Change

Social Change Variations over time: Ecological ordering of populations and communities. Patterns of roles and social interactions.

Social Change Variations over time: Structure and functioning of institutions. Cultures of societies.

Examples of Social Change Macro-level - population growth Micro-level - urbanization Middle - changing norms of conduct

Major Forms of Social Change Wars Social movements Technological changes 

Effects of War Ecological effects of war include casualties and conquest. Large scale shifts in population. Rapid acceleration of economic change.

Indicators of Social Change and Modernization Population change Population health Life expectancy

Indicators of Social Change and Modernization HIV/AIDS - rate of infection Economic indicators Urbanization

Modernization and Social Change Changes include: Shift from simple technologies toward the application of scientific knowledge. Evolution from subsistence farming toward the commercial production of agricultural goods.

Modernization and Social Change Changes include: Transition from use of human and animal power toward use of machines. Movement from the farm and village toward urban concentrations.

Experiencing Social Change People often experience social change as problematic. They may find themselves without a clear set of norms to guide them. Public policy involves trade-offs between conflicting goals such as eliminating poverty and protecting the environment.

Evolutionary Model of Social Change Social change is natural and constant. Social evolution has a direction. Social evolution is continuous. Change is necessary and proceeds from uniform causes.

Cyclical Model of Social Change Societies grow and decline as they respond to challenges posed by their physical and social environments. Social change originates in the culture because cultures have opposing sets of values, norms and lifestyles.

Conflict Theory Conflict among groups with different amounts of power produces social change. This leads to a new system of social stratification which in turn leads to further conflict and further change.