Writing AS Essays Use this structure to help you structure your paragraphs Writing your paragraph. P – Make your point in the first sentence H – Hierarchy. How important is this reason in comparison with the other reasons. E – Explain your point E – Evidence. Give evidence to support your explanation. L – Link your point to your previous/next point and/or the question.
The May 4th Movement What was the May 4th Movement? Why is it so significant in the History of China in the Twentieth Century?
Background In 1917 China declared War on Germany Why? Believed that they would be able to claim concessions in Shandong Province back from Germany To earn a new self-respect for China France and Britain needed the manpower Strategically important
China in World War One About 100,000 men were sent to Europe They were used as auxiliary helpers eg Mechanics, labourers, digging trenches, stretcher bearers etc Tension between Chinese and Europeans Money sent home 2,000 Chinese workers killed
The Treaty of Versailles China has high hopes 30th April 1919 - German concessions to be given to Japan instead of China following a secret Treaty of 1917 Plus Chinese premier Duan Qirui (resigned Oct 1918) had made a deal with Japan Triggers mass protest from Chinese around the world Disgusted at double dealing West
The May 4th Movement 4th May 1919 Violent Protests in Beijing, Shanghai and other major cities
The May 4th Movement 3000 students from Beijing University and others march to the Imperial Palace Demonstrate against foreign powers especially Japan Set fire to Minister of Communications’ house Beat up foreigners and government minister 32 students arrested, 1 student died
The May 4th Movement Protests spread to Shanghai and other cities 14th May Government bans meetings of students 19th May students in universities and schools call a General strike and boycott of Japanese goods 5th June strikes spread to Wuhan, Ji’nan and other cities and includes businessmen and workers showing support for students
The May 4th Movement Demonstrators now calling for resignation of pro-Japanese government officials 10th June – Government fired Rulin and Zhang Zongxiang 12th June – demonstrators celebrate 28th June – Treaty of Versailles signed. Shandong provinces given to Japan
Why is the May 4th Movement so important? Gave a direction to radicals and revolutionaries opposed to foreign imperialism The membership of the Movement The influence of the Russian Revolution in 1917 Many turned to Marxism and Communism 1921 Chinese Communist Party formed Anti-foreigner demonstrations continued throughout the 1920s
Homework (For next lesson) Read the sheet on “The New Culture or May Fourth Movement” Take notes on: Examples of this movement What ideas/ traditions did they attack and support? Give examples of some of the members of the movement Find out what legacy this movement had for China