MOTION!!!

D R Y DRY….what does it mean? - Dependent variable - Responding variable - Graphed on the Y axis

MIX MIX….what does it mean? -Manipulated variable - Independent variable - Graphed on the X axis

Potential energy - energy at rest An object NOT moving has potential energy.

- energy in motion . A moving object has kinetic energy. Moving = kinetic At rest and at highest point means it has the most __________ energy. potential Most kinetic energy

What is motion? one object’s distance from another object is changing.

Reference point- a place or object that can be used to determine if an object is in motion.

What causes motion? Force – A push or a pull

Motion is always caused by a force. Does every force cause a motion?

Balanced forces – does not give us motion. 5N 5 N

Unbalanced force – gives us motion 5 N 10 N Unbalanced forces can cause an object to start moving, stop moving, or change direction.

Unbalanced Forces and Motion Head of arrow points in direction of the force The width tells the strength Wider the arrow the greater the force Balanced forces Unbalanced forces

Net force – overall force on an object N means Newtons 100 N 25 N 125 N

100 N 25 N 75 N

50 N 50 N 0 N

40 N 60 N 20 N

An object in motion will eventually stop. What are some forces that will cause an object to stop moving?

Friction Friction - A force created when two surfaces rub against each other.

Friction - ice, wood, vinyl Push a (SEED) book http://www.seed.slb.com/labcontent.aspx?id=17210

Gravity force that pulls objects toward each other. Force acts to pull objects straight down toward the center of Earth Gravity – force that pulls objects toward each other.

Weight amount of matter in an object Mass is NOT effected by gravity! measure of the force of gravity on an object. Weight – Mass –. Which is NOT effected by gravity? amount of matter in an object Mass is NOT effected by gravity!

Air Resistance All objects are supposed to fall at same rate, not always the case. Air resistance – objects falling through air experience friction from the air which is matter. Watch and see…...

Free Fall Free Fall – when the only force acting on a falling object is gravity. In free fall; unbalanced force All objects in free fall accelerate at the same pace regardless of mass

Archery competition http://www.seed.slb.com/flash/science/features /people/archery/en/game.htm?width=720&height=500&popup=true

Newton’s First Law of Motion First Law of Motion (Law of Inertia) - An object at rest will stay at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

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Mass and Inertia Mass – the amount of matter in an object Measured with the _____________________ Volume – the amount of space an object takes up. Measured with the _________________ triple beam balance graduated cylinder

Newton’s Second Law of Motion The greater the mass, the greater the force you need for the same acceleration. Force is measured in Newtons (change in velocity) F = mass x acceleration same

Third Law of Motion- If one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts a force of equal strength in the opposite direction. For every action there is an equal but opposite reaction.

Newton’s Third Law of Motion For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Examples: rockets, swimming, skating, boating.

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Sir Isaac Newton – English mathematician who proposed three laws of motion in the late 1600’s. These laws explain the relationship among forces, matter, and motion.

Sir Isaac Newton Isaac Newton came from a family of farmers but never knew his father who died in October 1642, three months before his son was born. The young child was then left in the care of his grandmother.Basically treated as an orphan, Isaac did not have a happy childhood. His school reports described him as 'idle' and 'inattentive'. Isaac was taken away from school, but later allowed to return. While Newton was still under 25 years old, he began revolutionary advances in mathematics, optics, physics, and astronomy

SPEED

Define speed. Miles per hour Speed = distance/time

Speed- how far you traveled divided by how long it took you to travel there. Speed = distance/time Calculate the speed: A hawk flies 12 km in 2 hours. Speed= 6 km/hour

We now have speed. So let’s add a direction to that speed. We now have velocity. We have two planes leaving Houston Bush International at 12:05 pm. They both fly at the speed of 140 miles per hour for 2 hours. Do they land in the same place?

Velocity is speed with a direction 25 miles/hour west Usually, a speed of an object is not constant.

Spring scale - A tool used to measure force. Units are in ____________. Newtons

Force, Mass, and Acceleration Acceleration is when an object speeds up, slows down, or changes direction.

Forces- interactive

Newton’s Cradle DEMO

Balanced Forces are A) The overall force on an object. B) Unequal forces acting in opposite directions. C) Equal forces acting in opposite directions.

Unbalance forces are A) The overall force on an object. B) Unequal forces acting in opposite directions. C) Equal forces acting in opposite directions.

Inertia is A) The ability of an object to change its motion B) Tendency of an object to resist change in its motion. C) The tendency of an object to increase density.

The wider arrow compared to the thinner arrow indicates… A greater force An equal amount of force A smaller force

What is the net force? 25 N 15 N A. 10 N B. 25 N C. 15 N D. 40 N

Force is measured in A) Figs B) Newtons C) Grams