FIGURE 1. The effect of surgery on the loss of smell with the use of the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Effect of the transnasal transsphenoidal endoscopic approach (TTEA) in comparison with the expanded endonasal approach (EEA). From: Impairment of Olfaction and Mucociliary Clearance After Expanded Endonasal Approach Using Vascularized Septal Flap Reconstruction for Skull Base Tumors Neurosurgery. 2012;72(4):540-546. doi:10.1227/NEU.0b013e318282a535 Neurosurgery | Copyright © 2013 by the Congress of Neurological Surgeons

FIGURE 2. The effect of surgery on posterior nasal discharge with the use of the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Effect of transnasal transsphenoidal endoscopic approach (TTEA) in comparison with the expanded endonasal approach (EEA). From: Impairment of Olfaction and Mucociliary Clearance After Expanded Endonasal Approach Using Vascularized Septal Flap Reconstruction for Skull Base Tumors Neurosurgery. 2012;72(4):540-546. doi:10.1227/NEU.0b013e318282a535 Neurosurgery | Copyright © 2013 by the Congress of Neurological Surgeons

FIGURE 3. The effect of surgery on the loss of smell with the use of the Barcelona Smell Test. Effect of transnasal transsphenoidal endoscopic approach (TTEA) in comparison with the expanded endonasal approach (EEA). Open columns, before surgery; filled columns, after surgery. From: Impairment of Olfaction and Mucociliary Clearance After Expanded Endonasal Approach Using Vascularized Septal Flap Reconstruction for Skull Base Tumors Neurosurgery. 2012;72(4):540-546. doi:10.1227/NEU.0b013e318282a535 Neurosurgery | Copyright © 2013 by the Congress of Neurological Surgeons

FIGURE 4. The effect of surgery on the mucociliary clearance time with the use of the Visual Analogue Scale. Effect of transnasal transsphenoidal endoscopic approach (TTEA) in comparison with the expanded endonasal approach (EEA). From: Impairment of Olfaction and Mucociliary Clearance After Expanded Endonasal Approach Using Vascularized Septal Flap Reconstruction for Skull Base Tumors Neurosurgery. 2012;72(4):540-546. doi:10.1227/NEU.0b013e318282a535 Neurosurgery | Copyright © 2013 by the Congress of Neurological Surgeons