Royal Norwegian Navy Navigation Center Teaching military maritime English in maritime simulators Associate professor Anne Linda Løhre In this brief I will give you a short overview of how we educate and train the navigators to be prepared for E-navigation but first …. Royal Norwegian Navy Navigation Center Royal Norwegian Naval Academy 2017

Agenda Presentation Norway and RN Naval Academy Language problems highlighted after ship accident, August 2009 Assessing maritime EFL training in simulators: Presentation of survey: effect on students (SMC Phrases, VHF, leadership, pedagogy)

Royal Norwegian Naval Academy

Language problems highlighted after ship accident Norwegian coast, August 2009

Language problems highlighted after environmental disaster Brustad stated: ”I am appalled at lack of language competence on Full City” “This is not the way communication at sea should be” “As a consequence of this we shall investigate how language requirements are enforced, if necessary propose a further strengthening of language requirements” “We are totally dependent on good communication between seafarers and rescuers, and especially when accidents occur” Norwegian Minister of Trade and Industry Sylvia Brustad ”Minister of Trade and Industry Sylvia Brustad is going to revise language requirements at sea” Sylvia Brustad strongly reacts to TV2’s report which uncovered bad communication between captain and rescue team. ”Yesterday TV2 was able to present several sound files that documented the seriousness of Full City’s grounding near Langesund”

Participants at simulator exercises STUDENTS 10 Deck Officers’ Coast Guard students 20 Midshipmen from Naval Academy STAFF Merchant Navy Captain harbour master, pilot, captain other vessels, course designer, instructor Navy Commanders harbour master, pilot, captain other vessels, Teacher agent, facilitator, class room organiser, instructor 10 students (age 19-25, misc background in English, practice: CG deck hands)

Venue Naval Simulator BRO G Skjold KLIKK In recognition of the need for a simulator for training e-navigation with the fastest warship in the world, a 1:1 simulator will be build within next year. This marks the start of a new era for the simulator which will be a complete state of the art simulator on all levels of navigational training. Classroom, brief room, simulators, debrief, classroom Prior to simulator work: Inter-departmental co-work New curriculum What happens when you let go of your own hobby horses? Skjold

5x 220 FOV

Task: Crossing the English channel Area: Dover-Calais Calais-Dover Aims: Communicate with British and French harbour masters, pilots, agents, and vessels Use SMCP on VHF

Initial question for research: How does simulator training affect the individual student?

Methodology Simulator exercises invited to: differentiation – tailored to the individual modifications of the game practical perspectives: learning by doing, listening, mimicking

Pedagogy Autonomy The leader’s intent Interconnected or separate?

Survey Rationale: How to make language training in the simulator better based on students’ experiences A) Quantitative: To what extent (1-6) are students happy with elements of sim ex. B) Qualitiative: What types of reflections do students record after sim ex periode

Movie: English in the simulator

Movie

Major quantitative findings All students scored an average of 4 or 5 out of 6 on two questions: A) How had the particular skill been promoted in the ex (SMCP in bridge com, VHF com, NATO alphabet/numbers, log writing, emergency calls) B) How had they acquiesced that skill

Important qualitative finding Univocal response elements of fun game play released creativity in learning

Major qualitative findings From selected material on practical maritime skills: ”Learning for life” ”More valuable training from simulator than from any other learning site” Classroom work and sim work hand in hand – here: gender discrepancy Highly appreciative of professional input More differentiation needed on NATO lang, log writing and emergency calls Emergency situations most difficult, needed more preps

Future implications for English education at the academy More simulator time for English classes Continued collaboration between navigation teachers and English teachers to develop joint outlooks Since all students meant that the most meaningful English classes took place in the simulator, an immediate respons would be to work towards more simulator time for English classes and for a continued collaboration between navigation teachers and English teachers to develop joint outlooks.

Leadership skills=equally important as navigational skills Leadership findings Leadership skills readily identified in sim exercises: Problem solving Delegation of tasks Role distributing and switching Team building Development of cohesion Situation awareness How to deal with the unexpected Leadership skills=equally important as navigational skills

Implications for leadership Leadership issues cannot be separated from navigation training Simulators excellent tool to create training sites for nav skills and leadership skills combined: Control vs chaos Control vs unpredictability

Thank you ALL for listening! Any questions?