The New Immigrants Chapter 15—Page 460 Quote page 460—What Immigrants thought Europeans: 1870-1920 > 20 million came to America. Why did most come? Religious Freedom Economy Rise in Population in homeland (Population in Europe doubled in 19th Century)

Presidents of the Era: 1880—James Garfield—shot and killed 1881—Chester Arthur—takes over for Garfield 1884—Grover Cleveland—only President to be re-elected after a defeat. 1888—Benjamin Harrison—Grandfather served in 1841—shortest term. 1892—Grover Cleveland 1896/1900—William McKinley—”Expansionist”—shot in 1901 1901/04—Teddy Roosevelt—Later becomes, “Rough Rider” 1908—William Howard Taft—”largest man as President”

Immigrants in America: “Birds of Passage”—come to America, earn money, then head home! Ellis Island: Point of entry for European immigrants. (Approx. 2% were denied) From 1892 to 1924 about 17 million passed through this point.

Processing Immigrants: What was the procedure? 1) Physical Exam 2) Can you work? Criminal Record? 3) Do you have money? ($25 needed after 1909)

Immigrants From West Coast: “Angel Island” Dirty, more harsh than Ellis Island Early on, not as many passing through Angel Island.

Immigrant Restrictions: Large numbers caused Anti immigrant feelings “Nativism” favoritism shown toward American born citizens. “Nativists” were more afraid of foreign religions than ethnic backgrounds.

Chinese Exclusion Act 1882: Examples of Laws: Chinese Exclusion Act 1882: 10 Year ban on Chinese immigrants—not officially repealed until 1943!

Effect in America of Immigration Boom: “Urbanization” growth of cities over rural areas…why? Big movement in America…country to city Former slaves struggling here: From 1890 to 1910 >200,000 former slaves moved to big cities for jobs.

More effects of Movement to Cities: Housing and transportation could not keep up. Government tried to impose minimum standards for housing: plumbing, heating, ventilation. Not really enforced. “Tenements” Multi family dwellings. Mass Transit Street cars in San Fran, Electric subways in NY and Boston. Busing in most big cities

Feeling in America B/C of Immigrants: Job shortage Housing shortage Over crowding of large cities New religions Violence b/c of recessions—blamed on immigrants Laws to stop all out immigration! Assassinations lead to more prejudice—Will talk about Garfield and McKinley cases.