7 OS X on the Desktop

Steve had this perspective that always started with the user’s experience; and that industrial design was an incredibly important part of that user impression. John Sculley Former CEO of Apple discussing Steve Jobs in an October 2010 interview by Leander Kahney, editor and publisher of Cult of Mac (www.cultofmac.com)

Learning Outcomes Describe the important events in the history of Apple operating systems and the versions of OS X; determine what version of OS X is installed on an Apple computer. Prepare and implement an OS X upgrade or installation, and list the post-installation tasks. Navigate and manage Mac OS X on the desktop, including describing the Home folder, using Finder, performing file management tasks, and working with features and settings. Manage local security in OS X. Troubleshoot common OS X problems.

OS X History and Versions LO 7.1

A Brief History of the Apple Operating Systems Year Event 1976 Stephen Wozniak, Steven Jobs, & Ronald Wayne found Apple; introduce Apple 1 1977 Apple II introduced with plastic case and color graphics (no GUI) 1983 Apple introduces first GUI computer, the Lisa, but it is expensive with few apps 1984 Macintosh 128k introduced; it runs Mac OS with a GUI and is affordable 1999 Mac OS X Server 1.0 Based on open source UNIX core, Darwin 2000-2001 Mac OS X 10.0 desktop OS introduced; available in 2001

Mac OS X Versions

The OS X Desktop

Checking OS X Version Open Apple menu Select About This Mac

Checking Hardware Information Open Apple menu Select About This Mac Select More Info

Detailed Information Open Apple menu Select About This Mac Select More Info Select System Report

Installing and Upgrading OS X LO 7.2

Preparing to Install OS X Access a Fast Internet Connection Back Up Your Computer Check the Computer Model and OS X Version Other Hardware Requirements: memory and disk space Check the Firmware Versions before Upgrading Disable Disk Encryption Decide Where to Install OS X Prepare to Purchase the Upgrade Online

Check Firmware Version Find your computer in the latest list of firmware updates at support.apple.com

The Installation Installation usually an upgrade OS X legally licensed for Apple Mac computers After upgrade log in with your account First time startup of new Apple computer Complete final stages of installation (Setup Assistant) Provide user name and password for new computer

Upgrading Connect to App Store Sign in and download The Desktop Menu Bar

Upgrading After the update downloads click Continue in the Install OS X window

Upgrading Read the license agreement and click the Agree button

Upgrading Select Show All Disks to select another disk Select Install to install on the disk shown

Postinstallation Tasks Updates to OS X are included in upgrade download Install Apps Update Apps Enable Disabled Components or Apps

Navigating and Managing the OS X Desktop LO 7.3

The Desktop Menu Bar At top of desktop separate from current window Contains general functions, notifications, and current app menu

The OS X Desktop

The Apple Menu Version information Software Update System Preferences Dock Recent Items Force Quit Power options Log out

File Management in Finder Home folder Shift+Command+h

File Management in Finder The Finder menu

File Management in Finder Finder Views View menu View buttons

File Management in Finder Icon View

File Management in Finder List View Expanded folder

File Management in Finder Column View Expanded folder

File Management in Finder Cover Flow View

File Management in Finder Creating a new folder

File Management in Finder Copying

File Management Keyboard Shortcuts Operation Keyboard Shortcut Copy Command+c Cut Command+x Paste Command+v Delete Command+Delete Empty Trash Command+Shift+Delete

Dragging and Dropping Files and Folders Operation Mouse-Keyboard Action Copy Drag to different drive Move Drag to folder on same drive Hold Option key while dragging to folder on same drive

Renaming Files and Folders Only change filename Do not change file extension

Changing Settings in OS X System Preferences

Launching and Switching between Apps with the Dock This is an extra figure that is not in the text.

Launching and Switching between Apps Using the Heads-Up Program Switcher This is an extra figure that is not in the text.

Manage All Apps in Launchpad

Creating a Folder in Launchpad

Declutter the Desktop with Mission Control Mission Control Preferences This is an extra figure that is not in the text.

Mission Control

Notification Center Preferences for Notifications Notification Center A pop-up message on the desktop

Menu Extras Icons on right of menu bar Some open controls Some open menus This is an extra figure that is not in the text.

Printing in OS X Installing a Printer Setting Printing Options Where to Find the Print Queue This is an extra figure that is not in the text.

AirPlay An iOS feature beginning in OS X Mountain Lion (10.8) Works through an Apple TV Sends music, video, and pictures to an HD TV via Wi-Fi

Managing Local Security in OS X

Check Out the OS X Firewall Turned on by default This is an extra figure that is not in the text.

Firewall Options File Sharing is turned on Printer Sharing is turned on This is an extra figure that is not in the text.

General Security Settings Gatekeeper settings This is an extra figure that is not in the text.

Kernel ASLR Address space layout randomization (ASLR) OS X Mountain Lion (10.8) and newer Loads core OS code into random locations Malware cannot target it by using a known location

Digitally Signed and Sandboxed Apps All apps in App Store are digitally signed Issues a warning if code is modified All App Store apps are sandboxed when running in OS X

FileVault File and disk encryption Current version encrypts everything on startup drive at logout Files are accessible when user is logged in This is an extra figure that is not in the text.

FileVault When you turn on FileVault OS X issues a recovery key One per computer Use this if the user forgets login password Store in a safe place This is an extra figure that is not in the text.

Secure Virtual Memory Encrypts the swap file On by default No way to turn off in System Preferences

Keychain Part of credentials management system A secure database of a user’s passwords Two keychains belong to OS: System and System Roots Each user has a keychain (named login) and can create more This is an extra figure that is not in the text.

Managing Local User Accounts Parental Controls have 4 categories of restrictions Apps – allow or restrict which apps user can open Web – restrict or allow access to certain websites People – control access to multiplayer games, limit contacts Time Limits – prevent access during certain times of day or night

Managing Local User Accounts Types of Users and Privileges Standard Account Sharing Only Account Guest Account only assigned to one default account: Guest User Root account is one all-powerful default account

Automatic Login Logs in the selected user account Not recommended This is an extra figure that is not in the text.

Creating a User Account Users and Groups Click plus button Complete form Click Create User This is an extra figure that is not in the text.

Deleting a User Account Users and Groups Click minus button Select an option Click Delete User This is an extra figure that is not in the text.

Troubleshooting Common Mac OS Problems LO 7.5

Where to Find Help OS X Help Center www.apple.com/support/ www.apple.com/usergroups/ This is an extra figure that is not in the text.

Help within Applications Open app menu bar | Help Local help utility Option to connect to online help This is an extra figure that is not in the text.

When and How to Quit Use Command+Q or Select Quit from app’s menu This is an extra figure that is not in the text.

Force Quit Use Command+Option+Esc or Select Force Quit from Apple menu This is an extra figure that is not in the text.

OS X Failure to Quit Return to app and quit If that fails use Force Quit If that fails do a hard power-down This is an extra figure that is not in the text.

Forgotten Password Resetting a Password in OS X Snow Leopard or Older If forgotten password is for standard user Login as administrator and reset user’s password in Users & Groups If forgotten password is for first user/administrator Insert DVD and restart From Install screen choose Utilities | Reset Password Select the drive with OS installed Select name of your account Enter a new password twice The book does not mention the procedure for resetting a standard user in OS X Snow Leopard or Older, but it is the same as that mention on page 286. This option is added to the slide for clarification.

Forgotten Password Resetting a Password in OS X Lion or Newer depends on scenario If you are logged in with an administrator account Reset another user’s password in Users and Groups If you have forgotten your password and cannot log in and FileVault is off Reset Password with Apple ID

Forgotten Password Resetting a Password in OS X Lion or Newer depends on scenario If you have forgotten your password and cannot log in and FileVault is on Reset password with FileVault recovery key

Change Password versus Reset Password By/for currently logged-on user By administrator to any account Must enter both old and new Only new password required Keeps old keychain Creates a new keychain User can continue as before User must rebuild keychain This slide summarizes information on the two Notes on page 286.

Disappearing Sidebar Items Fix using Finder Preferences This is an extra figure that is not in the text.

Useful System Utilities Disk Utility This is an extra figure that is not in the text.

Useful System Utilities Network Preferences This is an extra figure that is not in the text.