And NO, you can’t eat off of it! Unless you’re real desperate… The Periodic Table… And NO, you can’t eat off of it! Unless you’re real desperate…

Major Concepts Atomic Structure Masses of Atoms The Periodic Table What are atoms made of? What are electron levels? Masses of Atoms What is atomic mass? How is atomic mass calculated? What are isotopes? The Periodic Table Why is it arranged so? How do I read the periodic table?

Substances Atoms are the most basic unit of matter 118 elements known today

Substances Element Matter that is made of ALL the same atoms Elements can be any size/shape/volume so long as it is all the same matter What are some elements we know of? How many elements are there?

Substances Compounds Combination of two or more atoms/elements Most common substance What are some common compounds you use everyday? Why are there more compounds than elements?

Atomic Structure Each atom on the periodic table has a specific chemical symbol Chemical symbols – are abbreviations of elements Consist of a capital letter and sometimes followed by a lower case letter

C Ne Au Atomic Structure 6 Carbon 12.0107 10 Neon 20.1797 79 Gold Some chemical symbols are from Latin Why might some symbols be in Latin? 6 C Carbon 12.0107 10 Ne Neon 20.1797 79 Au Gold 196.96657

Atomic Structure Nucleus – the center of an atom Protons – positively (+) charged particle in the nucleus Neutron – Neutral (no) charged particle in the nucleus

Atomic Structure Electron – Negative (-) charged particle of an atom - Exist outside of the nucleus Nucleus Protons Neutrons Nucleus Electrons Nucleus Protons Neutrons

Atomic Structure

Atomic Structure Electron cloud – region round nucleus in which electrons exist Electron levels – paths around nucleus that electrons travel - Grown in energy the further away from nucleus - Outermost level can only support 8 electrons

Atomic Structure

Atomic Structure Quarks – particles that make up protons and neutrons - Were discovered by colliding atoms together - 3 quarks make up proton - 3 quarks make up neutron

Atomic Structure Quarks

Masses of Atoms Mass Unit – the mass of one proton or neutron particle Mass Number – the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom Does the periodic table tell us Neutrons? Protons + Neutrons Mass Number Protons Protons + Neutrons

Masses of Atoms Mass Number - Protons (Atomic Number) Neutrons We can use the mass number to find the number of neutrons Why is the atomic mass in decimals then? Mass Number - Protons (Atomic Number) Neutrons Mass Number Mass Number - Protons (Atomic Number)

C Ne Au Masses of Atoms 6 Carbon 12.0107 10 Neon 20.1797 79 Gold Average Atomic Mass 6 C Carbon 12.0107 10 Ne Neon 20.1797 79 Au Gold 196.96657

Masses of Atoms Isotope Atoms of the same element that have a different number of Neutrons Because atoms have different numbers of neutrons, we average the numbers together

Masses of Atoms Isotopes Hydrogen Hydrogen1 Hydrogen2

Periodic Table Atomic Number Indicates the number of protons in an element Increase in order of size/weight

C Ne Au Periodic Table 6 Carbon 12.0107 10 Neon 20.1797 79 Gold Atomic Number 6 C Carbon 12.0107 10 Ne Neon 20.1797 79 Au Gold 196.96657

Periodic Table Groups Vertical columns in the periodic table Numbered 1-18 All elements in a group share properties

Periodic Table Dot Diagram Diagram that shows how many electrons are in the outermost energy level Electrons are represented by dots Has Chemical Symbol & dots

Periodic Table Dot Diagram

Periodic Table Periods Horizontal rows in the periodic table Numbered 1-7 Also called levels

Periodic Table Dimitri Mendeleev (1834-1907) Russian Chemist Created 1st periodic table Arranged his table based on atomic masses

Periodic Table Metals Elements on the left-hand side Have common properties Exist as solids Good conductors of heat/energy

Periodic Table Non-Metals Elements on the right-hand side Have common properties Exist as brittle solids and gases Not conductors of heat/energy

Periodic Table Metalloids Elements next to the stairstep Share properties of metals & nonmetals

Major Concepts Atomic Structure Masses of Atoms The Periodic Table What are atoms made of? What are electron levels? Masses of Atoms What is atomic mass? How is atomic mass calculated? What are isotopes? The Periodic Table Why is it arranged so? How do I read the periodic table?

Periodic Table CHECKPOINT 7

Checkpoint 7 1. The nucleus of an atom is comprised of _____. Protons & Neutrons b) Protons & Electrons c) Neutrons & electrons d) protons & isotopes

Checkpoint 7 2. Which of the following is NOT a chemical symbol? C b) Ca c) Cl d) CA

Checkpoint 7 3. In group 1, _____ is the only element that is a gas. Lithium b) Hydrogen c) Sodium d) Potassium

Checkpoint 1 Match the charges to each of the particles 4. Electron a) positive 5. Neutron b) negative 6. Proton c) none

Checkpoint 1 7. Explain why some chemical symbols are Latin words

8. Identify this element

Checkpoint 1 9. Compare/Contrast an element and a compound