President Adams – President Jefferson Goal 1 Part 2 President Adams – President Jefferson

1796 Presidential election: WHERE IS WASHINGTON???? Pres. John Adams (Federalist) Vice Pres. Thomas Jefferson (Dem-Rep.) (Constitution states runner up will be VP) SPLIT in opposing parties *** SECTIONALISM *** - placing the interests of one region over the nation as a whole! North – votes for Adams South – votes for Jefferson

Adams as President Like Washington, wants to AVOID War France – mad at America (Jay’s Treaty / alliance with Britain & no support for French Revolution / Treaty of 1778) French response: capture American ships bound for Britain (WHO?????) ____________________ Adams sends 3 delegates to “talk it out” Leads to the ********XYZ AFFAIR**********

XYZ AFFAIR (xyz 123)1797 3 French officials attempt to bribe America by demanding $250,000 bribe payment in order to stop “bullying” America and seizing American ships (impressments)= America NEVER paid a thing! “Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute” (Rather fight than honor bribes)

Results of XYZ Affair (1) UNDECLARED WAR BETWEEN THE U.S AND THE FRENCH (2) Nativism – anti immigrant feeling / major support for your own country (escalates) (3) Nationalism – deep devotion or pride in one’s country (escalates)

Adams as President 1796 – 1801 ***********Judiciary Act of 1801********* - increased the number of circuit court justices by 16 *Midnight Judges* midnight before Adams left office, he appointed FEDERALIST Judges to the Circuit Courts – WHY????????? Problem: Jefferson is president the next day –and said some were invalid *Marbury V. Madison* Result: JUDICIAL REVIEW (Supreme Court has the right to “review” acts and ensure they do not violate rights of people set down by the Constitution)

MARBURY vs. MADISON (1803) Marbury = Midnight Judge Sect of State (James Madison) was supposed to deliver papers according the Judiciary Act of 1789. Marbury never got papers and sued John Marshall (Chief Justice of the Supreme Court) ruled Marbury’s claim was UNCONSTITUTIONAL OVERALL OUTCOME: ***JUDICIAL REVIEW*** – the ability for the Supreme Court to declare an act of Congress Unconstitutional

John Marshall and the Supreme Court Adams as President appointed John Marshall (Federalist) as Chief Justice of Supreme Court *MOST IMPORTANT: John Marshall wanted to INCREASE the size and power of the federal government over the states & increase power in the Supreme Court

Alien & Sedition Acts (1798) Main purpose: a growing threat of France against the U.S. government Alien Acts – (1) raised the residence requirements for American citizenship from 5 to 14 years (2) President can deport or jail any immigrant Sedition Acts Set fines or jail time for anyone AGAINST the operation of the American government (CAN’T CRITICIZE THE GOVERNMENT) Result: Jailed a lot of Democratic – Republicans (didn’t support a strong central government) VERY IMPORTANT: 2 Arguments: (1) Violated the First Amendment rights of free speech (citizen's rights) (2) Dem-Republicans – claims the Alien and Sed. Acts are a COMPLETE MISUSE OF FEDERAL POWER

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions Jeffersonian / Democratic – Republicans HATED the Alien and Sedition Acts (Jefferson and Madison) (Due to: misuse of federal power) so……… Virginia & Kentucky Resolution: An organized opposition to the Alien and Sedition Acts (why?) ********* NULLIFICATION ********* - established in the V and K Res. = states have the right to nullify, or void, ANY act of Congress that they see unconstitutional Result: State’s Rights (Who is happy?)

T. Q. Which statement best describes relations between the U. S T.Q. Which statement best describes relations between the U.S. and France in the late 1790s? A. They were strong allies B. They were on the verge of war C. They were mutually respectful D. They had little contact *Due to what major event??

Death of Alexander Hamilton Aaron Burr (Hamilton’s political rival) – reads unflattering comments from Hamilton Burr challenges Hamilton to a “dual” (for political publicity) Hamilton shoots in the air while Aaron Burr shoots him in the stomach

President Thomas Jefferson 1801-1809 1800 Presidential election = FIRST Democratic-Republican President Adams – Federalist vs. Jefferson – Dem-Rep. *Bloodless/Peaceful Revolution = “peaceful transfer of power” from one political party to another (Federalist to Dem-Rep) *Nickname for 1800 presidential election *NO POLITICAL STRIFE UNTIL 1824 (CORRUPT BARGAIN) Major platform: (1) Downsize the influence of the national government (simplify it – best for a republic) (2) try to dispose of the Bank of the U.S. (why?) (3) Represent the South (STATES) Result of election: Federalists began to despise politics

Louisiana Purchase and Jefferson 1800, the French persuaded Spain to return the Louisiana Territory. - French rule could take over the mid-continent ????? French decide to sell the territory to America!!!15 MILLION

******Jefferson’s views on Louisiana Purchase****** Jefferson’s STRICT interpretation of the Constitution made him doubt the purchase T.Q. = Why was Jefferson apprehensive about the Louisiana Purchase??? *Importance: Doubled the size of America

Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804) Commissioned by Jefferson Purpose: Explore West and make new maps (St. Louis to Pacific) Sacajawea = Native American guide

Positive and Negative Aspects (Goal 1 Part 1 and 2) Directions: Argue the Positive and Negative aspects of each topic / issue NO Definitions /T CHART (on Board) Size and Power of the Federal government Bank of the United States / Hamilton’s Economic plan Excise taxes Neutrality Pinckney’s Treaty Jay’s Treaty Election of John Adams XYZ Affair Appointment of midnight judges / Marbury V. Madison Strengthening the Supreme Court under the “Marshall Court” Alien & Sedition Acts Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions Presidential election of Thomas Jefferson in 1800 Louisiana Purchase