Week 9 Notes and Warm-Ups 9/18-22/2017

CHEMISTRY Warm up: Study for Test (5 min) Monday September 18th, 2017 Learning Target: Predict properties of elements and compounds using trends of the periodic table and explain the details of atomic structure (S1 C3 PO1-7; C4 PO1-4) Take out: Notebook, pencil, Periodic Table, Calculator Agenda: Warm up: Study for Test (5 min) Periodic Table Trends & Subatomic Particles Test If you finish early: Check out a laptop from the back of the room and work on History of the Atom Project Assignment: History of Atom Project due THIS Wed/Thurs

Investigative Science Monday September 18th, 2017 Learning Target: Understand the origins and function of a microscope (S1 C3 PO1-7; C4 PO1-4) Take out: Notebook, pencil, Webquest Worksheets Agenda: Warm up: Study for Test (5 min) Sustainability Quiz Introduction to Microscopes Notes Quiz Corrections Due TODAY Assignment: None

CHEMISTRY Warm up: History of the Atom Notes Tuesday September 19th, 2017 Learning Target: Understand the history of the atom and the development f atomic theory (S1 C3 PO1-7; C4 PO1-4) Take out: Notebook, pencil, Periodic Table, Calculator Agenda: Warm up: A sample of silver as it occurs in nature is 52.0% of isotope Ag-107 and 48.0% of isotope Ag-108. What is the average atomic mass of silver? Define “light” (as in, the thing that is emitted from lightbulbs). What is it made of? How do you know? History of the Atom Notes History of the Atom Project Rubric Assignment: History of Atom Project due THIS Wed/Thurs

Scientists and Their Contribution to the Model of an Atom

History of the Atom - Timeline Antoine Lavoisier makes a substantial number of contributions to the field of Chemistry J.J. Thomson discovers the electron and proposes the Plum Pudding Model in 1897 Niels Bohr proposes the Bohr Model in 1913 James Chadwick discovered the neutron in in 1932 1766 – 1844 1871 – 1937 1887 – 1961 460 – 370 BC 1700s 1800s 1900s Erwin Schrodinger describes the electron cloud in 1926 Democritus proposes the 1st atomic theory John Dalton proposes his atomic theory in 1803 Ernest Rutherford performs the Gold Foil Experiment in 1909 1891 – 1974 1743 – 1794 1885 – 1962 1856 – 1940 Click on picture for more information

Democritus (460 BC – 370 BC) Proposed an Atomic Theory (along with his mentor Leucippus) which states that all atoms are small, hard, indivisible and indestructible particles made of a single material formed into different shapes and sizes. Aristotle did not support his atomic theory Image taken from: https://reich-chemistry.wikispaces.com/T.+Glenn+Time+Line+Project

Image taken from: www.ldeo.columbia.edu/.../v1001/geotime2.html Antoine Lavoisier (1743 – 1794) Known as the “Father of Modern Chemistry” Was the first person to generate a list of thirty-three elements in his textbook Devised the metric system Was married to a 13-year old Marie-Anne Pierette Paulze; she assisted him with much of his work Was a tax-collector that was consequently guillotined during the French Revolution Discovered/proposed that combustion occurs when oxygen combines with other elements Discovered/proposed the Law of Conservation of Mass (or Matter) which states, in a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed Image taken from: www.ldeo.columbia.edu/.../v1001/geotime2.html

Image taken from: chemistry.about.com/.../John-Dalton.htm In 1803, proposed an Atomic Theory which states: All substances are made of atoms; atoms are small particles that cannot be created, divided, or destroyed. Atoms of the same element are exactly alike, and atoms of different elements are different Atoms join with other atoms to make new substances Calculated the atomic weights of many various elements Was a teacher at a very young age Was color blind Image taken from: chemistry.about.com/.../John-Dalton.htm

Image taken from: www.wired.com/.../news/2008/04/dayintech_0430 J.J. Thomson (1856 – 1940) Proved that an atom can be divided into smaller parts While experimenting with cathode-ray tubes, discovered corpuscles, which were later called electrons Stated that the atom is neutral In 1897, proposed the Plum Pudding Model which states that atoms mostly consist of positively charged material with negatively charged particles (electrons) located throughout the positive material Won a Nobel Prize Image taken from: www.wired.com/.../news/2008/04/dayintech_0430

J.J. Thomson (1856 – 1940) Thomson studied the passage of an electric current through a gas. As the current passed through the gas, it gave off rays of negatively charged particles. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gz Mh4q-2HjM

Ernest Rutherford (1871 – 1937) In 1909, performed the Gold Foil Experiment and suggested the following characteristics of the atom: It consists of a small core, or nucleus, that contains most of the mass of the atom This nucleus is made up of particles called protons, which have a positive charge The protons are surrounded by negatively charged electrons, but most of the atom is actually empty space https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LcVW69 2lD1Q https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5pZj0u_ XMbc Did extensive work on radioactivity (alpha & beta particles, gamma rays/waves) and was referred to as the “Father of Nuclear Physics” Won a Nobel Prize Was a student of J.J. Thomson Was on the New Zealand $100 bill Image taken from: http://www.scientific-web.com/en/Physics/Biographies/ErnestRutherford.html

Image taken from: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Niels_Bohr.jpg In 1913, proposed the Bohr Model, which suggests that electrons travel around the nucleus of an atom in orbits or definite paths. Additionally, the electrons can jump from a path in one level to a path in another level (depending on their energy) Won a Nobel Prize Worked with Ernest Rutherford Image taken from: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Niels_Bohr.jpg

Image taken from: nobelprize.org/.../1933/schrodinger-bio.html Erwin Schrodinger (1887-1961) In 1926, he further explained the nature of electrons in an atom by stating that the exact location of an electron cannot be stated; therefore, it is more accurate to view the electrons in regions called electron clouds; electron clouds are places where the electrons are likely to be found Did extensive work on the Wave formula  Schrodinger equation Won a Nobel Prize Image taken from: nobelprize.org/.../1933/schrodinger-bio.html

Image taken from: www.wired.com/.../news/2009/02/dayintech_0227 James Chadwick (1891 – 1974) Realized that the atomic mass of most elements was double the number of protons  discovery of the neutron in 1932 Worked on the Manhattan Project Worked with Ernest Rutherford Won a Nobel Prize Image taken from: www.wired.com/.../news/2009/02/dayintech_0227

Democritus & John Dalton Progression of the Atomic Model + - The structure of an atom, according to: Democritus & John Dalton James Chadwick J.J. Thomson Neils Bohr Ernest Rutherford Erwin Schrodinger

Greek X Dalton Thomson Rutherford Bohr Wave Indivisible Electron Nucleus Orbit Electron Cloud Greek X Dalton Thomson Rutherford Bohr Wave

Investigative Science Tuesday September 19th, 2017 Learning Target: Understand the origins and function of a microscope (S1 C3 PO1-7; C4 PO1-4) Take out: Notebook, pencil, Agenda: Warm up: Video Reflection What did you learn? How can you apply this new knowledge to my class and to your life? Introduction to Microscopes Notes Microscope Lab Tomorrow Assignment: Microscope Notes Worksheet

History of the microscope Who is Leeuwenhoek? Glue in and label Leeuwenhoek’s microscope Who is Robert Hooke? The advances in microscopes: Compound light Transmission Electron Scanning Electron Summary: History of the microscope

Early Microscopes - Anton Van Leeuwenhoek The father of microscopy, Anton Van Leeuwenhoek of Holland (1632-1723). Anton Van Leeuwenhoek was the first to see and describe bacteria (1674), yeast plants, the teeming life in a drop of water, and the circulation of blood corpuscles in capillaries. Microscope had a power of 20x or 30x.

Robert Hooke In 1665, the English physicist Robert Hooke looked at a sliver of cork through a microscope lens and noticed some "pores" or "cells" in it. Hooke was the first person to use the word "cell" to identify microscopic structures when he was describing cork.

Compound Light Microscopes Uses light Has two lenses Magnification limited to 2000x

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) Uses beams of electrons Magnification of 500,000 x Has two limitations: Good only for thin specimens Only dead cells can be observed

Scanning Electron Microscope Electrons are reflected from the surface of the specimen Produces a 3-d image 100,000X Good for the thicker specimens Lacks the magnification and resolution of the transmission electron microscope

Technological Advances in Microscopes

Parts of the Microscope Arm: This part on the side of the microscope is used to support it when it is carried. body Base: The bottom part of the microscope. Parts of the Microscope

Parts of the Microscope Diaphragm: This part of the microscope helps you adjust the amount of light that reaches the specimen Light Source: Projects light upwards through the diaphragm to allow you to see the specimen. Parts of the Microscope

Parts of the Microscope Stage: Part of the microscope that supports the slide that is being viewed Stage Clips: These are used to hold a slide in place on the stage Parts of the Microscope

Parts of the Microscope Revolving Nosepiece: This part holds the objective lenses and is able to rotate to change magnification. OBJECTIVE 4X: scanning objective lens with a total magnification of 40X OBJECTIVE 10X: Low power objective lens with a total magnification of 100X OBJECTIVE 40X objective lens with a total magnification of 400X Parts of the Microscope

Parts of the Microscope Ocular Lens: The 10X lens you look through on a compound microscope Body tube: long tube that holds the ocular lens Parts of the Microscope

Parts of the Microscope COARSE ADJUSTMENT KNOB - This part moves the stage up and down to help you get the specimen into view.   FINE ADJUSTMENT KNOB - This part moves the stage slightly to help you sharpen or “fine” tune your view of the specimen. Parts of the Microscope

Comparison of Microscopes

CHEMISTRY Warm up/Reflection: Wed./Thurs. September 20th/21st 2017 Learning Target: Understand the history of the atom and the development f atomic theory (S1 C3 PO1-7; C4 PO1-4) Take out: Notebook, pencil, Periodic Table, Calculator Agenda: Warm up/Reflection: How much effort do you personally think you put into your project? Would you do anything differently if you got to re-do your project? What do you need the most review on for the Midterm? History of the Atom Project Presentations Start to review for Mid-Term. Assignment: History of Atom Project Notes

Answer in your notebook: When did they live? Where did they live? What new information did they contribute to the understanding of the atom? How did they find this new information? (what experiments did they do?) Interesting facts other accomplishments, personal information, famous historical events at the time, Etc

Investigative Science Wed./Thurs September 20th/21st, 2017 Learning Target: Understand the origins and function of a microscope (S1 C3 PO1-7; C4 PO1-4) Take out: Notebook, pencil, Microscope Notes Agenda: Warm up: Draw a sketch of the specimen shown on the board through the microscope. Microscope Demo Microscope Lab Assignment: Microscope Lab Worksheet

CHEMISTRY Warm up: Finish History of the Atom Project Presentations Friday September 22nd 2017 Learning Target: Understand the history of the atom and the development f atomic theory (S1 C3 PO1-7; C4 PO1-4) Take out: Notebook, pencil, Periodic Table, Calculator Agenda: Warm up: Write three interesting facts about three different scientists you learned about yesterday. Finish History of the Atom Project Presentations Review PT&SAP Test Start to review for Mid-Term. Assignment: History of Atom Project Notes Turn in Warm-Up Sheets Stamp Check Monday

Stamp Check (Due Monday): CHEMISTRY Friday September 22nd 2017 Learning Target: Understand the history of the atom and the development f atomic theory (S1 C3 PO1-7; C4 PO1-4) Stamp Check (Due Monday): Alien Periodic Table Works Cited Page (From Research day, CANNOT BE MADE UP) Beanium Post-Lab Worksheet History of the Atom Notes

Investigative Science Friday September 22nd, 2017 Learning Target: Understand the origins and function of a microscope (S1 C3 PO1-7; C4 PO1-4) Take out: Notebook, pencil, Microscope Lab Worksheet Agenda: Warm up: What's the hardest thing we’ve learned this quarter? Review Sustainability Test Midterm Study Guide Assignment: STUDY FOR MIDTERM NEXT WED/THURS Stamp Check Monday

Investigative Science Friday September 22nd, 2017 Learning Target: Understand the origins and function of a microscope (S1 C3 PO1-7; C4 PO1-4) Stamp Check: Easter Island Article Activity Microscope Notes Worksheet Microscope Lab Worksheet