A Time of Conflict Pages 322-326

Objectives Discuss how the United States defeated the Barbary pirates. Explain how war in Europe hurt American trade. Discuss the causes and effects of the Embargo Act. Identify the events leading up to the Battle of Tippecanoe.

Focus Question How did Jefferson respond to threats to the security of the nation?

Pirates What is a pirate? a person who attacks and robs ships at sea Pirates began attacking American ships in the Mediterranean Sea Pirates came from four small countries on the North African coast – Morocco, Algiers, Tunisia, and Tripoli Together, countries were known as the “BARBARY STATES”

What did the pirates do? Raided European and American ships, taking property and enslaving sailors and holding them at ransom Europeans paid the pirates a tribute to stop the raids The U.S. also paid the pirates – temporarily Jefferson stopped this practice

What could Jefferson do now?! Jefferson’s Response Jefferson sent warships to the Mediterranean Sea to protect American merchant ships It was a bad result at first: Warship Philadelphia crew was imprisoned near Tripoli American sailors led by Stephen Decatur raided the Tripoli harbor and burned the Philadelphia We did not want the pirates using our ships! What could Jefferson do now?!

Defeating the Barbary States Marched American marines 600 miles across the Sahara and captured Tripoli A line in the U.S. Marine Corps anthem – “To the shores of Tripoli” – references the victory Anthem: (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S wS6OkgUXKE) Gave confidence to the United States

Remaining Neutral (Again) A more serious threat than the pirates came from Britain and France 1803 – both nations (G.B. and France) were at war AGAIN The U.S. wanted to stay neutral – continued to trade with both countries What problems do you foresee for the United States?

American Neutrality is Challenged Britain and France looked for ways to weakened each other One method was to cut off the other’s foreign trade British warships seized American ships trading with France and vice versa Between 1803 and 1807, France took 500 American ships and Britain took over 1,000 ALSO, Britain needed more sailors in it’s war against France. What do you think they did? Turned to impressment AGAIN! Thousands of American sailors were forced to serve in the British Navy

Jefferson Responds Wanted to PEACEFULLY force Britain and France to respect American neutrality What do you think he did? Decided to use an embargo – a government order that forbids foreign trade Congress passed the Embargo Act – it forced a total embargo on American ships sailing to any foreign port

What happened? Jefferson predicted both Britain and France would stop attacking American ships America was the loser American exports fell from $109 million to $25 million--- Tens of thousands of Americans lost their jobs Americans were OUTRAGED by the embargo and turned to smuggling What does it mean to SMUGGLE? Illegally import or export goods

The Solution Congress repealed the Embargo Act in 1809 Passed a less severe law that reopened foreign trade with every country except Britain and France The Law stated that the United States would reopen trade with those countries when they started respecting America’s trading rights as a neutral nation

The Americans were busy dealing with Britain and France; however, what else was going on at home?

What about the Native Americans? Why would Native Americans move west? The Battle of Fallen Timbers moved them westward and out of Ohio Settled in the area of Indiana The problem: measles, smallpox, and the flu killed thousands of Native Americans – settlers took over hunting grounds

New Leaders take Charge Shawnee brothers Tenskwatawa (known as the “Prophet”) and Tecumseh urged Native Americans to resist Urged Native Americans to preserve traditional ways Organized the western tribes into a league to restore Indian lands How do you think the United States responded?

Harrison’s Victory William Henry Harrison decided to take action While Tecumseh was away looking for allies, Harrison marched thousands of soldiers through Shawnee villages Harrison defeated the Native Americans at the Battle of Tippecanoe

Focus Question Re-visited How did Jefferson respond to threats to the security of the nation? Jefferson responded with attacks and embargos.