Why Psychology Matters To College Students

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Presentation transcript:

Why Psychology Matters To College Students Learning Styles

Learning Styles Learning Styles – An approach for explaining individual differences in learning. Examples: Visual Learners Auditory Learners Kinesthetic Learners Meshing Hypothesis – Learning is best when information is presented in a manner that matches (“meshes with”) the student’s learning style.

Research on Learning Styles Learning Styles: Concepts and Evidence. Pashler, McDaniel, Rohrer & Bjork, 2014. Psychological Science in the Public Interest. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26162104 What they did Meta-Analyses – An analysis of other analyses (e.g., prior research) Established Criteria for Evaluation 1. Group students by their alleged learning style (A vs V) 2. Randomly assign students to audio versus visual presentations 3. Have all students complete the same comprehension test 4. Test the Learning-Style by Presentation-Format Interaction

Interaction Effects Dependent Variable(s) Independent Variable(s) Comprehension (test score) Independent Variable(s) Information Presentation Format (auditory vs visual) Student’s Learning Style (auditory vs visual) Interaction Effect – Occurs when the influence of one independent variable changes across the levels of a different independent variable. Example: Auditory Presentations  Auditory Learners > Visual Learners Visual Presentations  Visual Learners > Auditory Learners

Learning Styles Prediction

Learning Styles Disconfirmation

Research on Learning Styles Learning Styles: Concepts and Evidence. Pashler, McDaniel, Rohrer & Bjork, 2014. Psychological Science in the Public Interest. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26162104 What they found Many studies investigated Learning Styles However, very few studies were conducted with an appropriate (2x2) design The few studies with an appropriate design disconfirmed the LS prediction Subsequent research also disconfirms the LS prediction Matching learning style to instructional method: Effects on Comprehension Rogowsky, Calhoun & Tallal (2015). Journal of Educational Psychology https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/features/edu-a0037478.pdf Why it matters Applied Research – Evidence does NOT support learning styles. Basic Research – How does learning work?