Subject. Animal and Plant Ecology Shakarim State University of Semey Subject. Animal and Plant Ecology Lecturer. Zagipa Beisenovna Sapakhova, PhD, Senior Teacher

Credits – 3 Lecture - 15. Practice work – 30 Exam – 6th term

Lecture 1. Introduction to Animal and Plant Ecology

Introduction to Animal and Plant Ecology What is Ecology?

Introduction to Animal and Plant Ecology Ecology is…… The study of interactions… between living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components…. in ecosystems!

Organisms and Their Environment copyright cmassengale

copyright cmassengale Habitat & Niche Habitat is the place a plant or animal lives Niche is an organism’s total way of life copyright cmassengale

The Nonliving Environment Abiotic factors- the nonliving parts of an organism’s environment. Examples include air currents, temperature, moisture, light, and soil. Abiotic factors affect an organism’s life. copyright cmassengale

The Living Environment Biotic factors- all the living organisms that inhabit an environment. All organisms depend on others directly or indirectly for food, shelter, reproduction, or protection. copyright cmassengale

Abiotic or Biotic?

Abiotic or Biotic?

Abiotic or Biotic?

Abiotic or Biotic?

Levels of Organization

What are the Simplest Levels? Atom Molecule Organelle Cell Tissue Organ System

Levels of Organization Ecologists have organized the interactions an organism takes part in into different levels according to complexity.

1st Level of Organization Organism: An individual living thing that is made of cells, uses energy, reproduces, responds, grows, and develops

2nd Level of Organization Population: A group of organisms, all of the same species, which interbreed and live in the same place at the same time.

3rd Level of Organization Biological Community: All the populations of different species that live in the same place at the same time.

4th Level of Organization Ecosystem: Populations of plants and animals that interact with each other in a given area with the abiotic components of that area. (terrestrial or aquatic)

5th Level of Organization Biosphere: The portion of Earth that supports life.

The Biosphere Life is found in air, on land, and in fresh and salt water. The BIOSPHERE is the portion of Earth that supports living things.

What level of organization? Organism copyright cmassengale

What level of Organization? Community

What level of Organization? Population

Introduction to Animal and Plant Ecology Some definitions: FOOD CHAIN: A diagram showing the movement of energy between biotic factors in an ecosystem.

Introduction to Animal and Plant Ecology Some examples of FOOD CHAINS:

Introduction to Animal and Plant Ecology Some examples of FOOD CHAINS:

Introduction to Animal and Plant Ecology PRODUCER: An organism that makes it’s own food from sunlight or heat (usually a plant)

Introduction to Animal and Plant Ecology CONSUMER: An organism that must consume other organisms for energy (all animals are consumers)

Introduction to Ecology HERBIVORE: An organism that consumes only plants for food (deer, mice, grasshopper, gorilla)

Introduction to Animal and Plant Ecology CARNIVORE: An organism that consumes only other animals for food (cats, owls, sharks, polar bear)

Introduction to Animal and Plant Ecology DECOMPOSER: An organism that consumes only dead organisms for food (bacteria, worms, fungus, vultures)

Introduction to Animal and Plant Ecology NUTRIENT: A material that an organism needs to grow and reproduce. Good examples are vitamins and minerals.

Introduction to Animal and Plant Ecology OMNIVORE: An organism that can eat either plants or animals for energy (humans, raccoons, black bears, chimpanzees)

Use the definitions from your worksheet to label the following ecosystem: abiotic carnivore biotic omnivore HABITAT producer herbivore abiotic producer consumer

copyright cmassengale

What are Habitat and Niche? Kind od ecological factors? Examples? What is Ecology? What are Habitat and Niche? Kind od ecological factors? Examples? What are Organization Levels? Examples? What is ecosystem? Producer? Consumer? Herbivore? Cornivore? Decomposer? Nutrient? Omnivore?