Aim: How can the immune system malfunction?

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Presentation transcript:

Aim: How can the immune system malfunction?

How can your immune system malfunction? Allergies Asthma Autoimmune Disease Organ Transplants Show movie My Girl

What is an allergy? An allergy is a rapid immune system reaction to environmental substances that are normally harmless. Can you think of materials that can cause allergic reactions?

What are things that cause allergies? Allergens BEE POLLEN RAGWEED MOLD HOUSE DUST

Allergic reactions Antihistamines Inflammatory response: allergen attaches to WBC which release histamines. Histamines are chemicals that trigger an inflammatory response (capillaries swell) Hives, nausea, or shock What can we take for allergies? Antihistamines

Asthma is an allergic reaction Allergic reaction that causes your respiratory ducts to swell up.

Allergies Show a movie, My Girl

Autoimmune disease The immune system fails to distinguish between self & non-self. The word "auto" is the Greek word for self. In an autoimmune disease, the immune system mistakenly attacks itself, targeting the cells, tissues, and organs of a person's own body (self).

Examples of Autoimmune diseases Multiple Sclerosis (MS)- the immune system attacks the protective coating around nerves, called myelin.

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Joints swell Pain Stiffness Deformity

Why are organ transplants difficult? This is a kidney being removed from a donor The donor will have its own ID tags on the cell membrane. What are these ID tags called? Antigens

Attack it as if it was a pathogen. This makes the transplant into another person so difficult.   *Don’t you have these same structures on your cells? ___________ *What will your body do if the antigens aren’t the same as your own? ___________________________________ *What type of a response is this?__________________ YES Attack it as if it was a pathogen. Immune = rejection

How will the recipient react? A transplanted organ is recognized as foreign and is attacked by the immune system (REJECTION). The chance of REJECTION is less when the donor and recipient are closely related or when anti-rejection medication is used.

Why take an immunosuppressant? It will suppress your immune system and reduce the chance of destroying the transplanted organ. What is the risk of suppressing the immune system? It increases the patient’s risk for an infection. Use the bubble boy movie – beginning of the movie

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