Lesson 1 From Early Civilizations to Empires… The transition from Era 2 to Era 3

Connecting Back Forager Agricultural (Hunter-Gatherer) Villages Communities Agricultural Villages

What did it take to form an agricultural village? Things people needed to have or do to change from foraging to agriculture Unit 2 Plants and animals that could be domesticated Temperate climate Enough people to populate a village The ability to communicate and learn from each other ?

What did it take to form an agricultural village? Things people needed to have or do to change from foraging to agriculture Examples/ Evidence Unit 2 Plants and animals that could be domesticated Temperate climate Enough people to populate a village The ability to communicate and learn from each other Catal Hoyuk Access to several types of grain Mild climate People living in the area as foragers ?

Connecting Back Agricultural Villages Civilizations

? Unit 3 cities social classes What did it take to form a civilization? Things people needed to have or do to form a civilization Unit 3 cities social classes job specialization a centralized government complex technologies a writing system highly organized religion ?

? Unit 3 What did it take to form a civilization? Things people needed to have or do to form a civilization Examples/ Evidence Unit 3 cities social classes job specialization a centralized government complex technologies a writing system highly organized religion Egypt Mesopotamia Indus River Valley Yellow river Valley ?

Unit 4 Civilizations Empires

The Industrial Era 250 years Agricultural Revolution Our Place in Time The Era of Foragers 200,000 years The Agrarian Era 10,000 years The Industrial Era 250 years About 8000 BCE The Agricultural Revolution Era 1 Era 2 Era 3

This year 500 BP 1500 CE 200,000 BP This unit 1000 BCE 500 CE

BC AD BCE CE Birth of Jesus 200 BCE 100 BCE 100 CE 200 CE before Christ AD anno domini BCE Before the Common Era CE Common Era Birth of Jesus 200 BCE 100 BCE 100 CE 200 CE

What do you know about “empires”?

ERA 2 Turn and Talk: What do you notice? What is different? What was the big change between Era 2 and Era 3? ERA 3

The Industrial Era 250 years The Era of Foragers 200,000 years The Agrarian Era 10,000 years The Industrial Era 250 years Era 1 Era 2 Era 3

Important agricultural civilizations changed and became EMPIRES. Questions to think about: What do you think it means that civilizations became empires? What is an empire anyways? How did this change happened? What would a civilization have to have to become an empire?

Why do you think empires began as city-states? Early empires emerged from city-states, such as Ur, a large city in the region of Mesopotamia (Sumer). Why do you think empires began as city-states?

Need to have arrows in the middle timeline showing

Need to have arrows in the middle timeline showing

Need to have arrows in the middle timeline showing

Need to have arrows in the middle timeline showing

Unit 4 What does it take to become an empire? What did it take to form an empire? Things a society needed to have or do to become an empire Examples/ Evidence Unit 4

What happens to the area under Assyrian control between 911 and 680 BCE?

What happens to the Persian Empire between 550 and 490 BCE?   Who controlled much of this area before the Persian Empire?

35 million people 2,000 miles wide Largest empire the world had ever seen What do you think trade routes and royal roads had to do with the growth of the Persian Empire?

Ruins of Persepolis… one time capital of the Persian Empire Persepolis was a core city in the Persian Empire. What is a core (think about apples)?   Why would core cities have been important to the formation of empires? Ruins of Persepolis… one time capital of the Persian Empire

Key Empires and Trade Routes of the Era What do you notice about this map? What were some of the key empires at this time (around 200 to 330 BCE)? How and why do you think Alexander the Great used trade routes? Key Empires and Trade Routes of the Era

The empire of Alexander the Great joined together areas previously controlled by Greece and Persia. How do you think having such a large area under the control of one empire changed both areas?   Why do you think Alexander is called “the Great”? Would the people he conquered have called him that? How do you think these types of titles become part of history?

Rome over time… 390 BCE 100 BCE 50 BCE What do you notice about the changing size and shape of the Roman Empire?   What do you think made this possible? 100 BCE 50 BCE

How were the empires of Afroeurasia connected in 100 CE (AD)?   Why do you think these connections may have been important? What were the benefits and drawbacks of these connections?

Turn and Talk: What seems to be the pattern of change during this time period?

So… what makes an empire? A core city center Trade networks Transportation networks A strong government

Militarism… Turn and Talk: What do you think militarism is? What does militarism have to do with empire? Could you have an empire without militarism?

Militarism… Militarism is the belief or desire of a government or people that a strong military is important and necessary, and that it should be used aggressively in the perceived interests of the nation. Empires had militarism then, a strong belief in their army and the use of force, and that helped them prepare to conquer other peoples. Without a strong army and a belief that it should be used, empires probably would not have developed.

So… what makes an empire? A core city center Trade networks Transportation networks A strong government

So… what makes an empire? A core city center Trade networks Transportation networks A strong government Militarism

Empires rose and fell during Era 3. The Big Story Empires rose and fell during Era 3. The centers of power shifted, but the same areas were fought over and ruled by different groups.

The Big Story New empires often conquered and/or absorbed existing ones… they didn’t start from scratch EXAMPLE: Persia conquered Assyrian territory Alexander conquered Persia Rome briefly controlled parts of the old Persian Empire

The Big Story Over time, the center of power in Afroeurasia shifted westward with the Roman Empire.

The Big Story Other parts of this story included the development of more trade and exchange, the mixing of societies, and cultural diffusion of beliefs, values, and religions.

Feedback Loop of Empire… More people and more resources Need for central control and government Development of armies, government systems, taxes, etc. Need for more people and resources to maintain army and power Conquest and trade At what point might this cycle break down? Why would an empire fall?

More slides of Persepolis

Gate of Xerxes Throne Hall Reception Hall Treasury Council Hall Dark green = Harem Council Hall Palace of Xerxes

http://antikforever.com/Perse/Achemenides/Images/persepolis13.jpg

http://antikforever.com/Perse/Achemenides/Images/persepolis13.jpg

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rVTlRRuooE0/ULtnfykt6NI/AAAAAAAABdU/TUyAEuYHWC4/s1600/Ahura+Mazda+-+from+the+ruins+of+Persepolis.PNG

http://www. mirutadelaseda http://www.mirutadelaseda.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/P9021724-Iran-Shiraz-Persepolis.jpg