Classification Topic 5.5

Assessment Statements 5.5.1Outline the binomial system of nomenclature. 5.5.2 List seven levels in the hierarchy of taxa—kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species—using an example from two different kingdoms for each level. 5.5.3 Distinguish between the following phyla of plants, using simple external recognition features: bryophyta, filicinophyta, coniferophyta and angiospermophyta. 5.5.4 Distinguish between the following phyla of animals, using simple external recognition features: porifera, cnidaria, platyhelminthes, annelida, mollusca and arthropoda. 5.5.5 Apply and design a key for a group of up to eight organisms.

binomial nomenclature ‘bi’ means two, ‘nomial’ means name, and ‘nomenclature’ refers to a system used to name things Can you guess the common name of this animal? Myrmecophaga tridactyla Which means ‘eater of ants’ + ‘with three fingers’ Giant anteater of Central and South America 1st name is always capitalized and refers to genus 2nd name always begins with a small letter and refers to the species Both are always written in italics (typed) or underlined (handwritten)

Carolus (Carl) Linnaeus Systema Naturae listed and explained the binomial system of nomenclature for species which had been brought to him from all over the world Reasons for putting living organisms into groups: Trying to make sense of biosphere Showing evolutionary links Predicting characteristics shared by members of a group Pill bug and woodlouse (Armadillidium vulgare) Carolus (Carl) Linnaeus What is one international advantage of the binomial nomenclature system?

Levels of organization then and now 1st organization: plants and animals Now there are 5 kingdoms: Plantae Animalia Fungi Protoctista Prokaryotae

seven levels in the hierarchy of taxa (subdivisions) Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species How will you remember the order of these taxa? King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup Taxa Human Garden pea Kingdom Animalia Plantae Phylum Chordata Angiospermae Class Mammalia Dicotyledoneae Order Primate Rosales Family Hominidae Paplionaceae Genus Homo Pisum Species sapiens sativum Other examples

Other methods of classifying Feeding habits Habitat Daily activity Risk Anatomy

Distinguish between the following phyla of plants, using simple external recognition features: Bryophyta Filicinophyta Coniferophyta Angiospermophyta

Use a table to display the information you find. To distinguish between these four phyla, divide them into two categories of characteristics. Use a table to display the information you find.

Phylum Vegetative characteristics Reproductive characteristics Bryophyta Nonvascular Spores transported by water Filicinophyta Vascular Coniferophyta Vascular with woody stems Depend on wind pollination; seed cones with seed scales Angiospermophyta Vascular with flowers and fruit Depend on animals for pollination; fruit holds seeds

Porifera Simple marine animals Sessile Feed by pumping water their tissues to filter out food No mouths or digestive tracts No muscle No nervous tissue No distinct internal organs

Cnidaria Have stinging cells called nematocysts Some sessile, others free-swimming, some can be both Have a gastric pouch with only one opening

Platyhelminthes Have a gut with one opening for food to enter and waste to exit No heart or lungs Exchange gases by diffusion Includes tapeworm which can infest mammalian intestines

Annelida Segmented worms Bodies are divided up into sections separated by rings Have bristles on their bodies Have a gastric tract with a mouth at one end and the intestines have an opening at the other end where wastes are released

Mollusca Many produce a shell using calcium Usually has a muscular foot One way digestive tract

Arthropoda Hard exoskeleton made of chitin Segmented bodies Jointed limbs

Using a dichotomous key Look at first pair of sentences describing a characteristic Look at the organism to see if the particular characteristic described in the first line is present If yes, then go to the end of the line and follow the number given; If no, go to the second statement end of line and follow the number given Keep going until the end of the line has a name instead of a number