The Age of Imperialism (1800–1914) Lesson 2 European Colonies in Africa

The Age of Imperialism (1800–1914) Lesson 2 European Colonies in Africa Learning Objectives Describe the forces that shaped Africa in the early 1800s. Explain why European contact with Africa increased. Analyze how European nations carved up Africa. Describe African resistance to imperialism.

The Age of Imperialism (1800–1914) Lesson 2 European Colonies in Africa Key Terms Usman dan Fodio Shaka. paternalistic David Livingstone, Henry Stanley Leopold II Boer War, Samori Touré Yaa Asantewaa Nehanda Menelik II, elite,

Africa Before Imperialism Between 1870 and 1914, Britain, France, Germany, and other European powers scrambled to carve up the African continent. They set up dozens of colonies and ruled over the lives of millions of people. Although people in Africa resisted, they could not hold back the tide of European conquest.

Africa Before Imperialism North Africa Ruled by Ottoman and mostly Muslim Islamic Conquest in West Africa Usman dan Fodio- helped build Muslim state in West Africa- Sokoto Caliphate Asante East Africa Europeans had ports on cost but not much influence inland Southern Africa Shaka and Zulus- came into conflict with the Dutch Boers Boers pushed north by British, took lands from Zulu Impact of the Slave Trade Weekend Africa kingdoms Sierra Leone Liberia

Africa Before Imperialism When Europeans arrived in Tanzania, they encountered small village communities like this Utiri village.

European Contact Increases From the 1400s through the 1700s, Europeans traded along the African coast, but they knew very little about the continent. They relied on Africans to bring slaves and trade goods, such as ivory and gold, from the interior to their trading posts on the coast.

European Contact Increases Explorers Push into Africa’s Interior Mungo Park Richard Burton Missionaries Follow Explorers Paternalistic Livingstone’s Explorations David Livingstone- crisscrossed Africa for 30 years Henry Stanley- “David Livingstone I pressume”

European Contact Increases Europeans began trading along the African coast in the 1500s. Centuries later, they began moving into the continent’s interior.

European Nations Scramble for Colonies Shortly after Stanley met up with Livingstone, King Leopold II of Belgium hired Stanley to explore the Congo River basin and arrange trade treaties with African leaders. Publicly, Leopold spoke of a civilizing mission to carry the light “that for millions of men still plunged in barbarism will be the dawn of a better era.” Privately, he dreamed of conquest and profit.

European Nations Scramble for Colonies The Berlin Conference- 1884 Europeans didn’t want to fight Met to divide up Africa No Africans at the meeting In next 20 years, almost all of Africa was divided Leopold’s Horror in the Congo Henry Stanley hired by Leopold II to explore the Congo by Belgium Brutalized and enslaved the Congo people Leopold forced to turn colony over to Belgium govt France Expands Its Territory Algeria, Tunisia, and others Britain’s Share Egypt, Sudan, South Africa and others The Boer War 1899-1902- took over from Dutch and subdued the Boers Others Nations Join the Scramble Germany, etc

European Nations Scramble for Colonies Analyze Maps One goal of British imperialists in Africa was to gain control “from Cairo to the Cape” (South Africa). Which colony stood in the way of that plan? Which European country controlled that colony?

European Nations Scramble for Colonies A major resource that the Belgians wanted from the Congo was rubber. Cite Evidence What evidence in the photo indicates that these rubber workers were slaves?

African Resistance Europeans met armed resistance across the continent. In North Africa, the Algerians fought French expansion for years. In West Africa, Samori Touré (sah MAWR ee too RAY) fought French forces. Elsewhere in West Africa, the Ibo and Fulani struggled for years against the British advance. In southern Africa, the Zulus resisted British domination, handing them several grave defeats before the British finally succeeded.

Many Africans fought against Europeans, but were out gunned African Resistance Women Leaders of the Resistance Ethiopia Remains Independent Resistance Against Germany A New African Elite Many Africans fought against Europeans, but were out gunned Ethiopia and Menelik II was the only African kingdom to successfully fight and resist

African Resistance French troops capture the city of Mascara in December 1835, during the French–Algerian War. Infer What advantages do the Algerian troops have? What advantages do the French troops have?

Quiz: Africa Before Imperialism Which BEST describes the forces that shaped Africa in the early 1800s? A. In the west and south, different groups battled for control; in the north, the old power structure was crumbling. B. In the north, the old power structure was crumbling; Europeans controlled all other areas. C. In the north and east, the slave trade was still active; Muslims dominated the south and west. D. In the south, the old kingdoms were fighting against the Muslims; in the east and west, the slave trade was still active.

Quiz: European Contact Increases What was the role of missionaries in the colonization of Africa? A. They paved the way for explorers to claim African colonies for European countries. B. They educated Africans in European ways and helped to weaken African native cultures. C. They followed explorers, took African lands, and sold them to European companies. D. They fought the institution of African slavery in Europe.

Quiz: European Nations Scramble for Colonies How did the Berlin Conference decide Africa’s fate? A. It set up a system of rule by local native peoples over all African regions that were controlled by Europeans. B. It gave the Germans the right to colonize most of East Africa. C. It set new rules for the settlement and development of colonies in Africa. D. It allowed European countries to sell slaves anywhere they wanted.

Quiz: African Resistance How did the experiences of the Asante and the Ethiopians differ from one another in the late 1800s? A. The Asante were ruled by the English; the Ethiopians were ruled by the Italians. B. The Asante fought and defeated the English; the Ethiopians fought and defeated the Italians. C. The Asante were conquered by the English; the Ethiopians were successful in their fight against the Italians. D. The Asante were successful in their fight against the English; the Ethiopians were conquered by the Italians.