Lesson 055 Learning Goal: (You should be able to…) Draw a scale model of the inside of Earth Success Criteria: (Can you …) Draw Scale model Color code

How to organize lesson 055 The lessons Agenda was: W to T Draw Scale model Color code

Vocabulary Terms Direct observation. Indirect observation. Inference. Seismic Waves Crust Mantle Outer Core Inner Core

Answer the following on lined paper… Write to Think 055 Answer the following on lined paper… What is the lithosphere? What is the asthenosphere? What causes currents in the mantle? What effect do these currents have on the crust? What is created by the core? 2900 km 1700 miles 6500 km or 3900 miles

L to R with 12 inch ruler at bottom: 1:64 MatchboxChevrolet Tahoe, 1:43 Ford F-100, 1:25 Revell Monogram 1999 Ford Mustang Cobra, 1:18 Bburago1987 Ferrari F40

Making a scale model drawing of Earth’s layers (“Cheese” or “pie” Slice!) WHY?: The purpose of this is to further understand the characteristics of Earth layers (specifically depth) by making a ‘to scale’ model of the Earth. This will show the relationships of the layers.

Make a Prediction about Earth’s Layers Key: Crust = Brown Upper Mantle = Red Lower Mantle = Orange Outer Core = Yellow Inner Core = Grey The slice you have on the handout represents a slice of Earth… think pie! You will be sketching 4 boundaries and 5 layers. You will be coloring the 5 layers using a key. Use a piece of string with a loop to sketch the ark of the layer, your teacher will demonstrate in a moment.

Making a Scale Depth model of the Earth: Side 1 Complete “Table for Determining Scaled Depth of Each Layer” You and your partner should calculate each one separately and then check your answers with each other. You may use a calculator. See next slide on how to complete it! Check answer key 1 to ensure you calculated correctly.

? In 35 30.5 30.5 12 30.5 30.5 12 12 30.5

Making a Scale Depth model of the Earth: Side 2 Carefully sketch and label the layers on your “Modeling Earth Layers: A Scaled Depth…” Handout. USE A RULER to measure! It’s in cm! Use pencil so you can erase incase you made an error. Check answer key 2 to ensure you drew and labeled the layers correctly. Color them the appropriate colors as indicated on the key and previous table you completed. Add information about the lithosphere and asthenosphere in pencil. Check answer key 3 to ensure you included the lithosphere and Asthenosphere correctly. Finished? Answer the questions on the blue handout. You can find it on the front table. Key: Crust = Brown Upper Mantle = Red Lower Mantle = Orange Outer Core = Yellow Inner Core = Grey ? ?

Compare/contrast prediction and scale model

How are they similar? How are they different? Item 1: _____________ Item 2_____________ How are they similar? _________________________________ _________________________________ How are they different? ________________ ________________ ________________ Topic: ________________ ________________ ________________ _______________ _______________ _______________ Topic: _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ Topic: _______________ _______________ _______________

How are they similar? How are they different? Item 1: Mountain Bike Item 2 Road Bike How are they similar? They both have 2 wheels. They both have handle bars. They are both used outdoors. How are they different? Mountain Bikes are used for off road cycling. Topic: PURPOSE Road bikes are used for on road cycling Mountain bikes have thick tires. Road bikes have thin tires Topic: TIRES Mountain bikes have shocks. Road bikes don’t have shocks. Topic: Shocks

Making a Scale Depth model of the Earth Questions Read the characteristics of data analysis (flip over). Answer in your lab notebook. Give your lab notebook an appropriate title and put it in your table of contents. What characteristic(s) of data analysis does making a to-scale model of Earth fall under? Explain your reasoning for your answers in questions 1. How might making a to-scale model of inside Earth give us a different perspective than just looking at numbers of the average depths? Why might scientists make models in the real world (come up with at least 2 logical reasons)? What is the biggest difference between your predictive model and your to-scale model? Do you think this difference is a common misconception (do you think other people made the same error as you)? Explain. Why is it important to fix common misconceptions that exist in science? Now that you have identified this difference, what did you learn from it? Now, Write a paragraph describing what you learned about the depth of Earth’s layers.

Characteristics of Data Analysis Do something with the data to help make sense of it. Account for possible inaccurate data (outliers). Calculate (use math) something. Represent a lot of data with one value Represent the data visually with a model/graph to get a different perspective. Compare the data with other data (easily). Describe patterns and relationships in the data. Verify the data is accurate.

End of Lesson

Direct vs Indirect observation If you look at a cactus, you conclude: this is a cactus and it has needles or spines. You have observed the needles or spines. Direct. You know that needles or spines are sharp. this is a cactus, it has needles or spines, it’s sharp. You have observed sharpness/pain!. Indirect. In case of direct observations you sense the phenomenon in question with your sensory organs directly. In indirect observations, you sense something intermediate that implies the phenomenon in question. Intermediate obsevations can be many. The more intermediate things there are, the more careful you have to be with your conclusions.

Direct vs Indirect observation Direct observations involve looking at the actual behavior or occurrence. indirect observations involve looking at a result of that occurrence. For example, if you were interested in seeing how much candy was given out by a particular neighborhood on Halloween, you could gather the information in one of the two following ways: Direct observation: observe each house and count how many candies they give out. Indirect observation: look through trash cans the day after to see how many empty candy bags are in each trash bin. Indirect observation tends to be used when the data cannot be gathered through direct means, or when gathering the data through direct observation tends to be too expensive or time consuming.