Case study on geographical indications in German jurisprudence Dr. Oliver Schön Daniel Kenji Kaneko

A. Legal Background B. Case Study Agenda A. Legal Background B. Case Study

A. Legal Background B. Case Study Agenda A. Legal Background B. Case Study

German Trade Mark Act Council Regulation (EC) No 510/2006 LEGAL BACKGROUND German Trade Mark Act Council Regulation (EC) No 510/2006

LEGAL BACKGROUND Section 126 (1) TMA names of places, areas, territories or countries, which are used to identify the geographical origin of goods or services

Section 126 (2) TMA No protection of generic names LEGAL BACKGROUND Section 126 (2) TMA No protection of generic names Designations that lost their original significance

No protection of generic names LEGAL BACKGROUND No protection of generic names

No protection of generic names LEGAL BACKGROUND No protection of generic names

No entitlement for exclusive rights! LEGAL BACKGROUND Geographical Indication Trademark No entitlement for exclusive rights!

Section 127 TMA Ordinary geographical indication LEGAL BACKGROUND Section 127 TMA Ordinary geographical indication 1 Qualified geographical indication 2 Geographical indication with a particular reputation 3

Ordinary Geographical Indication LEGAL BACKGROUND Ordinary Geographical Indication 1 Section 127 (1) TMA Indications of geographical origin may not be used in the course of trade for goods […] which do not originate from the place […] if it is likely to mislead concerning the geographical origin Section 127 (1) TMA

Ordinary Geographical Indication LEGAL BACKGROUND Ordinary Geographical Indication 1 Example: Himalaya Salt

Qualified Geographical Indication LEGAL BACKGROUND Qualified Geographical Indication 2 Section 127 (2) TMA If the goods […] have a special quality, the indication of geographical origin may only be used […] if the goods have […] this quality. Section 127 (1) TMA

Example: Parma Ham Qualified Geographical Indication 2 LEGAL BACKGROUND Qualified Geographical Indication 2 Example: Parma Ham

Geographical Indication with a particular reputation LEGAL BACKGROUND Geographical Indication with a particular reputation 3 Section 127 (1) TMA Section 127 (3) TMA If an indication of geographical origin enjoys a particular reputation, it may not be used […] opportunity for goods of a different origin […] to take unfair advantage of the reputation.

Geographical Indication with a particular reputation LEGAL BACKGROUND Geographical Indication with a particular reputation 3 Example: Champagne

LEGAL BACKGROUND Council Regulation (EC) No 519/2006 of 20 March 2006 on the protection of geographical indications and designations of origin for agricultural products and foodstuffs

1. Protected Designation of Origin LEGAL BACKGROUND 1. Protected Designation of Origin The Protected Designation of Origin logo underlines the strongest link to the territory, requiring that  all aspects of production, processing and preparation originate from that region. Examples: Italian Parma ham, Greek Feta cheese, Kalamata Olive oil

2. Protected Geographical Indication LEGAL BACKGROUND 2. Protected Geographical Indication The Protected Geographical Indication logo underlines the local know how and the close link between a product and the place or region. For registered products, at least one of the stages of production, processing or preparation takes place in the region, but for example the ingredients need not necessarily come from that geographical area. Example: Bavarian Beer

Agenda A. Legal Background B. Case Study - Ordinary geographical indication - Qualified geographical indication - Geographical indication with a particular reputation

CASE STUDY – Ordinary geographical indication I. Bavarian Beer

CASE STUDY – Ordinary geographical indication I. Bavarian Beer Designation Bavarian Beer did not loose its original significance

CASE STUDY – Ordinary geographical indication II. Chiemseer Beer

CASE STUDY – Ordinary geographical indication II. Chiemseer Beer

CASE STUDY – Ordinary geographical indication II. Chiemseer Beer 20 km Consumer knows famous areas and connects them to the product

CASE STUDY – Ordinary geographical indication III. Klosterseer Beer

CASE STUDY – Ordinary geographical indication III. Klosterseer Beer Not every term that sounds like a Geographical Indication is a Geographical Indication Consumer sphere decisive

IV. Turkish Cheese Decisive to identify the exact consumer group CASE STUDY – Ordinary geographical indication IV. Turkish Cheese Decisive to identify the exact consumer group

Agenda A. Legal Background B. Case Study - Ordinary geographical indication - Qualified geographical indication - Geographical indication with a particular reputation

CASE STUDY – Qualified geographical indication V. Black Forest ham Production as well as slicing and packaging process shall take place within the geographically protected area

VI. Cambridge Institute CASE STUDY – Qualified geographical indication VI. Cambridge Institute Not only goods can enjoy geographical protection but also services

Agenda A. Legal Background B. Case Study - Ordinary geographical indication - Qualified geographical indication - Geographical indication with a particular reputation

VII. Champagne Sorbet Effective protection covers different variations CASE STUDY – Geographical indication with a particular reputation VII. Champagne Sorbet Effective protection covers different variations

Thank You! Oliver.Schoen@lg-m1.bayern.de daniel.kenji.kaneko@gmail.com